not include lesser forms of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.

(c) Where there are substantial grounds for believing that [a fugitive] would be in danger of being subjected to torture means if it is more likely than not that the fugitive would be tortured.

(d) Secretary means Secretary of State and includes, for purposes of this rule, the Deputy Secretary of State, by delegation.

$95.2 Application.

(a) Article 3 of the Convention imposes on the parties certain obligations with respect to extradition. That Article provides as follows:

(1) No State party shall expel, return ("refouler") or extradite a person to another State where there are substantial grounds for believing that he would be in danger of being subjected to torture.

(2) For the purpose of determining whether there are such grounds, the competent authorities shall take into account all relevant considerations including, where applicable, the existence in the State concerned of a consistent pattern of gross, flagrant or mass violations of human rights.

(b) Pursuant to sections 3184 and 3186 of Title 18 of the United States Criminal Code, the Secretary is the U.S. official responsible for determining whether to surrender a fugitive to a foreign country by means of extradition. In order to implement the obligation assumed by the United States pursuant to Article 3 of the Convention, the Department considers the question of whether a person facing extradition from the U.S. "is more likely than not" to be tortured in the State re

questing extradition when appropriate in making this determination.

§ 95.3 Procedures.

(a) Decisions on extradition are presented to the Secretary only after a fugitive has been found extraditable by a United States judicial officer. In each case where allegations relating to torture are made or the issue is otherwise brought to the Department's attention, appropriate policy and legal offices review and analyze information relevant to the case in preparing a recommendation to the Secretary as to whether or not to sign the surrender warrant.

(b) Based on the resulting analysis of relevant information, the Secretary may decide to surrender the fugitive to the requesting State, to deny surrender of the fugitive, or to surrender the fugitive subject to conditions.

§ 95.4 Review and construction.

Decisions of the Secretary concerning surrender of fugitives for extradition are matters of executive discretion not subject to judicial review. Furthermore, pursuant to section

2242(d) of the Foreign Affairs Reform and Restructuring Act of 1998, P.L. 105277, notwithstanding any other provision of law, no court shall have jurisdiction to review these regulations, and nothing in section 2242 shall be construed as providing any court jurisdiction to consider or review claims raised under the Convention or section 2242, or any other determination made with respect to the application of the policy set forth in section 2242(a), except as part of the review of a final order of removal pursuant to section 242 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1252), which is not applicable to extradition proceedings.

§ 101.1 Protection of American interests.

Officers of the Foreign Service shall protect the rights and interests of the United States in its international agricultural, commercial, and financial relations. In pursuance of this duty, they shall:

(a) Guard against the infringement of rights of American citizens in matters relating to commerce and navigation which are based on custom, international law, or treaty.

(b) Observe, report on, and, whenever possible, endeavor to remove discriminations against American agricultural, commercial, and industrial interests in other countries.

(c) Protect the national commercial reputation of the United States.

§ 101.2 Promotion of American interests.

Officers of the Foreign Service shall further the agricultural and commercial interests of the United States:

(a) By carefully studying and reporting on the potentialities of their districts as a market for American products or as a competitor of American products in international trade.

(b) By investigating and submitting World Trade Directory Reports on the general standing and distributing capacity of foreign firms within their districts.

(c) By preparing and submitting upon request trade lists of commercial firms within their districts.

(d) By keeping constantly on the alert for and submitting immediate reports on concrete trade opportunities.

(e) By endeavoring to create, within the scope of the duties to which they are assigned, a demand for American products within their districts.

(f) By facilitating and reporting on proposed visits of alien businessmen to the United States.

(g) By taking appropriate steps to facilitate the promotion of such import trade into the United States as the economic interests of the United States may require.

should report promptly to the nearest office of the airline concerned and to the nearest office of the Civil Aeronautics Administration, any accident occurring to a scheduled civil air carrier of United States registry within its consular district. To be properly prepared, each post should obtain and have on file for ready reference, the address and telephone number of representatives of any United States airline engaged in scheduled operations within or over the post district.

(b) To Department and supervisory Foreign Service offices. A Foreign Service post should report promptly to the Department accidents to any United States civil aircraft occurring in the post district. The report should summarize all available information and, in the case of a scheduled United States air carrier, should state whether the airline has taken over the responsibility of notifying the nearest Civil Aeronautics Administration field office. This report should be submitted by the most expeditious means possible (priority telephone or telegraph message) at Government expense. If the accident involves a private plane or nonscheduled air carrier, these circumstances should be reported, also whether the nearest office of the Civil Aeronautics Administration has been informed. In the latter case, the Department will ascertain from the Civil Aeronautics Board whether it desires to investigate the case, and inform the Foreign Service post accordingly. Consular posts should submit a similar report to their supervisory missions or to their supervisory consular offices in territories where there are no United States missions. Supplementary reports should be supplied the Department and the supervisory Foreign Service office whenever considered appropriate. A final report, after the urgency has diminished, and when the post's role is negligible should cover the post's activities in connection with the accident (see § 102.16(b)).

§ 102.9 Arranging for entry and travel of investigating and airline representatives.

Representatives of the Civil Aeronautics Board, the Civil Aeronautics Administration and the United States

airline involved may not have the documents necessary for entry into the country where the accident occurred. The local Foreign Service post should lend all assistance possible in obtaining the entry of such representatives into the country where the accident occurred and in expediting their travel to the scene of the accident.

§ 102.10 Rendering assistance at the scene of the accident.

Always in the case of a scheduled United States air carrier and whenever necessary in the case of a non-scheduled carrier or private plane, a local Foreign Service post should dispatch a member of its staff to the scene of the accident in order to insure that proper protection is afforded United States citizens and property involved in the accident and that any evidence as to the cause of the accident is preserved until the arrival of United States Government investigating personnel. (For steps to be taken when the aircraft was carrying a courier or diplomatic pouches, see §102.14(b).) In the absence of an airline representative, the Foreign Service representative should lend the competent local authorities all possible assistance compatible with the provisions of §102.11 in caring for the survivors, identifying and disposing of the remains of victims, salvaging and protecting property and preserving wreckage pending an investigation. If an airline representative is already at the scene of the accident or if one arrives shortly thereafter, the Foreign Service representative should assist him in the discharge of his recognized responsibilities in connection with passengers and cargo. However, the Foreign Service representative is also obligated to assist investigating personnel of the United States Government by preserving evidence as to the cause of the accident. Any attempt on the part of the airline representative to exceed his recognized sphere of activity should be called to the attention of the airline involved and the competent local authorities.

§ 102.11 Arranging for the payment of expenses attendant upon an accident.

(a) The Department of State has no funds from which expenses attendant upon an accident to United States aircraft can be paid. In emergencies involving scheduled carriers and in the absence of airline representatives, or other authority, the Foreign Service post should request a deposit from the airline (through the Department if desired) with specific authorization to incur whatever financial obligations the airline is willing to assume for the hiring of guards (in case local police protection is considered inadequate), the provision of accommodations, medical care, and onward transportation for survivors and for other expenses resulting from the accident. In accidents involving a private plane or non-scheduled carrier, the Foreign Service post is not in a position to expend any funds without prior authorization from the Department. In such cases, and in extreme cases involving scheduled carriers, when airline and investigation personnel may be delayed in reaching the scene, the Foreign Service representative, as the representative of all segments of the United States Government in the area, should endeavor to protect and promote the interests of the Government, the airline, and the individual citizen by any means available to him that are consistent with these regulations, and should request funds and instructions as required from the Department.

(b) The local Foreign Service post is not authorized to expend any funds for guarding the wreckage to preserve evidence as to the cause of the accident unless the Civil Aeronautics Board or the Civil Aeronautics Administration authorizes in advance the expenditure of such funds on a reimbursable basis. In the absence of such advance authorization, the Foreign Service post can arrange only for such protection as local authorities are willing to furnish gratuitously.

(c) Voluntary services and personal services in excess of those authorized by law may be accepted and utilized in

(a) Medical care and hospitalization. The Foreign Service representative should lend any assistance possible (see §§ 102.10 and 102.11) in arranging for the best medical and hospital attention available for injured survivors of the accident. If a scheduled United States carrier is involved in an accident, the primary responsibility for providing medical care for passengers and crew rests with the airline, and in such situations the Foreign Service representative should assist the airline in every way that is feasible (see §§ 102.10 and 102.11).

(b) Accommodation and onward transportation. If a scheduled United States carrier is involved in an accident, primary responsibility for providing accommodation and onward transportation for passengers and crew rests with the airline, and in such situations the Foreign Service representative should assist the airline in every way that is feasible (see §§ 102.10 and 102.11). If the accident involves a private plane or non-scheduled carrier, he should assist passengers and members of the crew who do not require hospitalization in any way compatible with §§ 102.10 and 102.11 in obtaining appropriate comfortable accommodations accessible from the scene of the accident. If practicable, surviving passengers should remain in the vicinity of the accident until the United States Government investigating personnel can obtain from them all information pertaining to the accident. Surviving passengers leaving the vicinity should furnish addresses at which they can be reached later. The Foreign Service representative should assist the passengers, insofar as he can under the provision of §§ 102.10 and 102.11, in obtaining necessary clearances from local authorities and in getting onward transportation by the most expeditious means of common carrier transportation available. The surviving aircraft

crew will be expected to remain in the vicinity of the accident until otherwise instructed by the investigating personnel.

§ 102.13 Protective services with respect to deceased victims of acci dents.

(a) Interim disposition of remains. Generally, local authorities will assume custody of the remains of deceased victims of the accident and consign them to a mortuary until final disposition can be made.

(b) Identification of remains. When necessary, the local Foreign Service post should assist in identifying the remains of United States citizens who are victims of the accident by requesting the Department to procure dental charts, passport application data and photographs, fingerprints, or other

United States records.

(c) Reports on deaths of United States citizens. The local Foreign Service post shall report the deaths of United States citizens occurring in an aircraft accident in accordance with the procedure prescribed in §§ 72.1 to 72.8 of this chapter.

(d) Disposition of remains. When a scheduled United States air carrier meets with an accident, the United States airline concerned will usually transport the identifiable remains of victims of the accident to the place of final interment designated by the next of kin. If the Foreign Service post is requested, or finds it necessary, to dispose of identifiable remains, it shall follow the procedure prescribed in §§ 72.9 to 72.14 of this chapter. Where remains are unidentifiable, the local authorities may be expected to make final disposition of these remains locally in accordance with the health requirements of the country concerned, usually by common burial or by cremation, and without regard to the disposition desired by possible next of kin.

§ 102.14 Salvage of mail and other property.

(a) Mail. Article 3, sections 6 and 7, of the Air Mail Provisions annexed to the Universal Postal Union Convention, Paris, 1947, provide that the personnel who survive the aircraft accident shall, when possible, deliver the mail to the