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effected-Its natural tendency-Abused by Jeroboam-Even his
conduct confirms the divine original of the Mosaic Law-Schism
he introduces consistent with that belief-Gave occasion to ma-
nifest the divine Providence in the history of the ten tribes-
Effects of this separation on the two tribes-Instanced in the
history of Abijah-Of Rehoboam-Of Asa-Of Hezekiah-
General reflection on the providential government of the Jews
-On the caution to be exercised in estimating the characters
described in the Old Testament-And the effects of the Jewish
scheme
-
239
LECT. III.
SANCTIONS OF THE JEWISH LAW.
SECT. I.-Objections against the Mosaic Law, from its employing
temporal sanctions-And visiting the iniquities of the fathers on
the children-WARBURTON's opinion on this subject-His work
incomplete-His reasoning not perfectly conclusive-How far I
agree with, and how far I differ from, his opinion-Two conclu-
sions seem true: first, that Moses employed temporal sanctions
in his Law; second, the history of the Old Testament shows
he believed a future state, and contains a gradual development
of it-Moses employed temporal sanctions, both nationally and
individually-This accounted for-From the nature of the Jew-
ish theocracy-Reality of the extraordinary providence exercised
over the Jews proved in this work, without resorting to War-
burton's medium-Temporal sanctions sufficient-Necessary to
confute idolatry-Adapted to the intellectual and moral charac-
ter of the Jews-Best mode of introducing the doctrine of a
future state, with effect-A necessary part of the theocracy-
exemplified to man the principles of God's moral government
SECT. II. Visiting the sins of the fathers upon the children-In
what sense to be understood-Not unjust-Necessary in a the-
ocracy, as far as relates to temporal and national punishments-
Chiefly denounced against idolatry-In this case not only just
but merciful-Human tribunals not permitted by the Mosaic
Law, to act upon this principle-Why-Analogous to God's
general providence-A dispensation of mercy rather than seve
rity-Limited in its extent and application
264
280
LECT. IV.
KNOWLEDGE OF A FUTURE LIFE AMONG THE JEWS.
SECT. I.-Doctrine of a future state, though it does not form the
sanction of the Mosaic Law, is yet contained in the writings of
Moses-Warburton's assertions on this subject, hasty and incon-
sistent with each other-And with the Seventh Article of the
Church of England-Future state intimated in the history of
the creation and the fall-By the circumstances attending the
death of Abel-By the translation of Enoch-By the command
to Abraham to sacrifice Isaac-Future state must have been
known to the Patriarchs, and influenced their conduct-Attested
in the Epistle to the Hebrews-Instanced in the history of
Jacob-Of Moses-By our Lord's reply to the doubts of the
Sadducees-The declaration of Balaam-Future state an object
of popular belief among the Jews-From the laws relating to
necromancers, &c.
288
SECT. II.-Doctrine of a future state, why not more clearly and
frequently inculcated in the Pentateuch-Or under the Judges
-Gradual improvement of the Jews-Future state gradually
promulgated suitably to this improvement-By David, in Ps. xvi.
xvii. xxxvi. xlix. ciii. cxv. cxxxix.-By Solomon, in Proverbs,
passim, particularly in ch. iv. viii. xiv. xxiv.: Still more fully in
Ecclesiastes, of which work this doctrine is the basis, particu-
larly in ch. iii. viii. xi. and at the conclusion of the book-How
further impressed on the Jews by miraculous facts-By three
resurrections from the dead-By the translation of Elijah-This
doctrine frequently intimated, and gradually taught with the
greatest clearness by the Prophets-Isaiah-Jeremiah-Ezekiel
-Hosea Joel Amos-Nahum-And above all, Daniel-And
also in the book of Job
- 308
LECT. V.
EFFECTS OF JUDAISM ON THE GENTILES.
SECT. I.-Objection to Judaism, first from its being confined to a
single nation-Secondly, from its implying mutability in God,
as being opposed to Christianity-Answer to the first-Judaism
not confined in its effects to one nation, but intended, through
the instrumentality of the Jews, to enlighten mankind—This
effect foreseen and attended to in the Jewish scheme-Various
instances to show this-Solomon's prayer at the consecration of
the temple establishes the same inference-The miracles wrought
for the Jews made a strong impression on the Egyptians-On
the Canaanites-On the Philistines-On the heathens in the
reign of Solomon-But counteracted by the principles of idolatry
—Instanced in the history of the Samaritans-Who were how-
ever prepared by Judaism for Christianity-Effects produced by
Judaism on the heathens during the Captivity-Instanced in the
history of Jeremiah-Of Daniel-Of his three friends-Of
Belshazzar-Of Cyrus-These facts publicly attested-Impor-
tance of such attestations-Traces of these effects in the East-
Traces of the same effects in the religion of Zoroaster—Of Ma-
homet-Recapitulation-Universal reformation not to be ex-
pected at that period of the world-Objection derived from
partial effects of Judaism, erroneous in its statement of facts-
Inconclusive in reasoning-A revelation not being universal,
implies no injustice in God
SECT. II.-Philosophy not introduced into Europe until near the
period of the Babylonish Captivity-Thales-Anaximander—
Anaxagoras-Probability that some of their opinions were ulti-
mately derived from the Jews--General circumstances in the
history of Grecian philosophy and religion, render the same
thing probable of them-Their sages travelling for learning into
Egypt and the East-Connexion of the Jews with Egypt at
this period-Early philosophers of Greece delivered their tenets
dogmatically-Inference from thence-The higher we trace the
philosophy and religion of Greece, the purer it is found—Infe-
rence-Providence gradually prepared the world for the Gospel
-Grecian language and literature-Connexion of Greece with
Asia increased-Conquests of Alexander-Singular distribution
of the Jews at this period-Jews in Egypt use the Greek tongue
-Septuagint translation, its importance-The formation of the
Alexandrian library-Sects of Grecian philosophy-Their effect
-Extension of the Roman empire-Facilitated the spread of
Christianity
336
- 263
LECT. VI.
JUDAISM PREPARATORY TO CHRISTIANITY
SECT. I.-Objection derived from the supposed inconsistency of
the Jewish and Christian schemes-The Law and the Gospel
consistent-Jewish scheme intended, from the first, to introduce
the Gospel-Proved from the promise to Abraham-Circum-
stances attending the repetition of this promise, to show that
Abraham was a type of Christ-Jacob's prophecy concerning
Shiloh-Psalm ii. xxii. xlvii. lxvii. and lxxii.-Isaiah ii. and xlix.
-These prophecies clearly prove the Mosaic Law was to intro-
duce, and then give place to the Gospel-Why Moses did not
expressly announce the intended abrogation of the Mosaic Law
He has intimated this in his promise of a prophet to arise
"like unto himself"-Our Lord alone answers this character-
Christ a priest after the order of Melchisedek-Meaning of
this declaration explained in the epistle to the Hebrews-Argu-
ment in this epistle, ch. x.-Jeremiah prophesies the substitu-
tion of the Gospel for the Law-And the spiritual nature of the
Gospel
- 370
SECT. II.-The Law and the Prophets not only professedly design-
ed to introduce the Gospel, but did in fact prepare the way for
it-Necessity of the Law as a preparation for the Gospel, shown
by considering the probable state of the world, if Judaism had
never existed-Extreme difficulty of introducing true religion
in such a state of mankind-Such universal degeneracy prevented
by the Jewish dispensation-Proved by a brief view of the
facts adduced in this work-Adherence of the Jews to their
Law, proves the reality of a providential interposition-The
prophecies delivered by Moses on this subject prove the same
The Law was typical and figurative of the Gospel-Instances-
The moral character of the Law prepared for the Gospel-The
connexion of the two schemes shown by various instances-The
Jews employed as the immediate instruments for introducing
the Gospel-Rejection of the Gospel by the mass of the Jewish
nation does not disprove the connexion of the Law and the
Gospel-Confirms the proof from prophecy-and from miracles 385
LECT. VII.
THE PAST AND PRESENT STATE OF THE JEWS EXHIBITS THE
ACCOMPLISHMENT OF PROPHECY.
Evidence from Prophecy applicable to Judaism-Prophecy of Moses
-As to the prosperity of the Jews-As to the punishments
they were to suffer-Considered in their variety-Their sources
-their duration-The face of their country-These predictions
antecedent to the events-Clearly applicable to them-Not such
as human wisdom or political sagacity would have dictated-In-
stanced in the three Jewish Feasts-The Sabbatic Year-The
remoteness of their destroyers-The circumstances attending
the destruction of Jerusalem-In their subsequent dispersion-
In their present state and sufferings
CONCLUDING LECTURE.
ON THE FUTURE CONVERSION AND RESTORATION OF
THE JEWS..
- 403
Expectations of the Jews on this subject-justified by Prophecy-
Prophecy of Moses-of Isaiah-Predicts a second restoration. . .
and different in its circumstances from the Return from Babylon
-After a larger period-more permanent-This restoration is
to be connected with the extension of the Gospel-Present cir-
cumstances of the world consistent with this expectation-As
to Palestine-Commercial character of the Jewish nation-The
origin and circumstances of the Parisian Sanhedrim-Its ten-
dency to remove Jewish prejudices-Society in England to pro-
mote Christianity among the Jews-Other circumstances in the
present state of the world, which seem to prepare the way for
the accomplishment of the prophecies as to the final triumph of
the Gospel-Conclusion
419
APPENDIX.
SECT. I.
The Texts which were collected by Le Clerc, as affording reason
to doubt whether the Pentateuch was composed by Moses, con-
sidered: with the answer to the objection founded on each text
annexed to it
Dr Geddes's opinions on the authenticity of the Pentateuch, con-
sidered Specimens of his reasonings on this subject -
An Article in the Appendix to the eighth Volume of the Critical
Review for Sept. 1806, in which M. De Wette's Work on the
Old Testament is briefly considered-An humble remonstrance
to the Reviewers
439
452
- 458
SECT. II.
Remarks on some circumstances which have occasioned doubt as
to the reality of some of the Mosaic miracles-General remarks
on the improbability of objections which affect only some one
miracle, not the entire series- -Miracles in which the Magicians
appeared to imitate Moses; Mr Farmer's opinion on this sub-
ject, and the arguments by which he supports it-The passage
of the Red Sea attempted to be accounted for without a miracle,
from a passage of Josephus-True import of this passage-Sup-
plies no evidence against the miracle-It is represented by Moses,
and was believed by the Jews to be clearly miraculous-Inference
from thence-Improbability of the Jews being able to escape by
an extraordinary ebb of the sea— -Dr Geddes's observations on
this subject-The pillar of cloud and fire which accompanied the
Israelites Attempted to be accounted for without a miracle-
Account entirely inconsistent with the circumstances of the his-
tory, and with probability-Objection, from Moses's application
to Hobab-Inconclusive-Miraculous preservation of the raiment
of the Jews in the wilderness-Objected to-Why necessary—
Review of the mode in which Dr Geddes accounts for the
whole series of Mosaic miracles, without admitting any super-
natural interposition-His account unphilosophic and incredi-
ble
465