Urban Problems and Community DevelopmentIn recent years, concerned governments, businesses, and civic groups have launched ambitious programs of community development designed to halt, and even reverse, decades of urban decline. But while massive amounts of effort and money are being dedicated to improving the inner-cities, two important questions have gone unanswered: Can community development actually help solve long-standing urban problems? And, based on social science analyses, what kinds of initiatives can make a difference? This book surveys what we currently know and what we need to know about community development's past, current, and potential contributions. The authors--economists, sociologists, political scientists, and a historian--define community development broadly to include all capacity building (including social, intellectual, physical, financial, and political assets) aimed at improving the quality of life in low- to moderate-income neighborhoods. The book addresses the history of urban development strategies, the politics of resource allocation, business and workforce development, housing, community development corporations, informal social organizations, schooling, and public security. |
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Foreword rospects for residents of depressed urban neighborhoods seem uncerment in crime rates , teenage pregnancy rates , and employment , much of the housing stock is inadequate , schools are poor , it is difficult to get business ...
... Dickens points out in chapter 9 , even though unemployment rates in low - income neighborhoods ebb and flow with the regional economy , they remain distinctively high , even when the economy is considered to be at full employment .
Similarly, the decentralization of employment from central cities to suburbs for the past three decades has been a major focus for people concerned about the availability of jobs. In chapter 9 William Dickens reviews the studies on ...
... employment settings, clubs, churches, and schools.6 Level zero also includes residents' voluntary community groups (see box 2-1 for examples).7 The defining distinction between level-zero groups and level-one organizations is that ...
Level one also includes for-profit businesses and governmental organizations, where frontline means they are involved directly in providing goods and services (or even employment) to residents. Also, frontline organizations do not have ...