Urban Problems and Community DevelopmentIn recent years, concerned governments, businesses, and civic groups have launched ambitious programs of community development designed to halt, and even reverse, decades of urban decline. But while massive amounts of effort and money are being dedicated to improving the inner-cities, two important questions have gone unanswered: Can community development actually help solve long-standing urban problems? And, based on social science analyses, what kinds of initiatives can make a difference? This book surveys what we currently know and what we need to know about community development's past, current, and potential contributions. The authors--economists, sociologists, political scientists, and a historian--define community development broadly to include all capacity building (including social, intellectual, physical, financial, and political assets) aimed at improving the quality of life in low- to moderate-income neighborhoods. The book addresses the history of urban development strategies, the politics of resource allocation, business and workforce development, housing, community development corporations, informal social organizations, schooling, and public security. |
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الصفحة 26
Impact evaluations require comparing a group of people who have experienced an intervention with a group whose ... In standard practice , the most reliable comparisons come from observing control groups that do not receive the treatment ...
Impact evaluations require comparing a group of people who have experienced an intervention with a group whose ... In standard practice , the most reliable comparisons come from observing control groups that do not receive the treatment ...
الصفحة 34
... with all the elements that W. Richard Scott describes in this defining passage : " [ An organizational field includes ] critical exchange partners , sources of funding , regulatory groups , professional or trade associations ...
... with all the elements that W. Richard Scott describes in this defining passage : " [ An organizational field includes ] critical exchange partners , sources of funding , regulatory groups , professional or trade associations ...
الصفحة 35
Some concern the distinction between totally voluntary groups of community residents and nonprofit organizations that rely on paid staff . Others concern pros and cons of particular divisions of responsibility among government ...
Some concern the distinction between totally voluntary groups of community residents and nonprofit organizations that rely on paid staff . Others concern pros and cons of particular divisions of responsibility among government ...
الصفحة 37
Some groups that are small and fragile move back and forth across the boundary between levels zero and one, but this does not diminish the signifi- 6. Many social ties span multiple neighborhoods. For example, in her study of ...
Some groups that are small and fragile move back and forth across the boundary between levels zero and one, but this does not diminish the signifi- 6. Many social ties span multiple neighborhoods. For example, in her study of ...
الصفحة 42
For example , government agencies and local foundations sometimes contract with external intermediaries to work with community groups but sometimes employ people internally to do the same thing . 10 The straight lines between adjacent ...
For example , government agencies and local foundations sometimes contract with external intermediaries to work with community groups but sometimes employ people internally to do the same thing . 10 The straight lines between adjacent ...
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achieve activities addition agencies alliances American areas assistance associations become benefits building capacity capital CDCs Center challenges chapter Chicago cities community development community-based concerns Corporation created crime discussion economic effects efforts employment evaluation evidence example experience families federal force Foundation funds groups housing important improve increase individual initiatives inner cities inner-city Institute interests involved issues labor less limited live low-income major measures ment mobilization move neighbor neighborhood networks nonprofit operating opportunities organizations outcomes participation percent planning political poor potential poverty Press problems produce projects questions rates relations relationships requires residents response sector shows social sources strategy structural studies success suggest theory tion units University Urban York
مقاطع مشهورة
الصفحة 259 - ... difficulties in a personal manner without making arrests. These two conceptions are in a large measure contradictory. The policeman who takes a strictly legalistic view of his duties cuts himself off from the personal relations necessary to enable him to serve as a mediator of disputes in his area. The policeman who develops close ties with local people is unable to act against them with the vigor prescribed by the law.
الصفحة 239 - Physical capital is wholly tangible, being embodied in observable material form; human capital is less tangible, being embodied in the skills and knowledge acquired by an individual; social capital is even less tangible, for it is embodied in the relations among persons.
الصفحة 239 - ... features of social organization, such as networks, norms, and trust, that facilitate coordination and cooperation for mutual benefit.
الصفحة 163 - Community organizing involves mobilizing people to combat common problems and to increase their voice in institutions and decisions that affect their lives and communities. Community-based development involves neighborhood-based efforts to improve an area's physical and economic condition, such as the construction or rehabilitation of housing and the creation of jobs and business enterprises. Communitybased service provision involves neighborhood-level efforts to deliver social services...
الصفحة 258 - Wallace (1990) argue based on an analysis of the "planned shrinkage" of New York City fire and health services in recent decades: "The consequences of withdrawing municipal services from poor neighborhoods, the resulting outbreaks of contagious urban decay and forced migration which shred essential social networks and cause social disintegration, have become a highly significant contributor to decline in public health among the poor
الصفحة 238 - Janowitz (1974, 329) call the "systemic" model, where the local community is viewed as a complex system of friendship and kinship networks, and formal and informal associational ties are rooted in family life and ongoing socialization processes (see also Sampson 1991).
الصفحة 234 - Urban minorities have been particularly vulnerable to structural economic changes, such as the shift from goods-producing to service-producing industries, the increasing polarization of the labor market into low-wage and highwage sectors, technological innovations, and the relocation of manufacturing industries out of the central cities.
معلومات المراجع
| العنوان | Urban Problems and Community Development |
| المُحررون | Ronald F. Ferguson, William T. Dickens |
| الناشر | Brookings Institution Press, 2011 |
| رقم ISBN (الرقم الدولي المعياري للكتاب) | 0815719817, 9780815719816 |
| عدد الصفحات | 642 من الصفحات |
| تصدير الاقتباس | BiBTeX EndNote RefMan |