Urban Problems and Community DevelopmentIn recent years, concerned governments, businesses, and civic groups have launched ambitious programs of community development designed to halt, and even reverse, decades of urban decline. But while massive amounts of effort and money are being dedicated to improving the inner-cities, two important questions have gone unanswered: Can community development actually help solve long-standing urban problems? And, based on social science analyses, what kinds of initiatives can make a difference? This book surveys what we currently know and what we need to know about community development's past, current, and potential contributions. The authors--economists, sociologists, political scientists, and a historian--define community development broadly to include all capacity building (including social, intellectual, physical, financial, and political assets) aimed at improving the quality of life in low- to moderate-income neighborhoods. The book addresses the history of urban development strategies, the politics of resource allocation, business and workforce development, housing, community development corporations, informal social organizations, schooling, and public security. |
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الصفحة 2
No one argues that community development can effectively counteract the business cycle or fend off major transformations in the macroeconomy . Neither can it compete with income - transfer programs as short - run responses to poverty .
No one argues that community development can effectively counteract the business cycle or fend off major transformations in the macroeconomy . Neither can it compete with income - transfer programs as short - run responses to poverty .
الصفحة 3
responses to poverty . Community development can , however , help prevent neighborhood deterioration in ordinary times . It can blunt the extent to which economic turbulence produces social disorder . Community development can make low- ...
responses to poverty . Community development can , however , help prevent neighborhood deterioration in ordinary times . It can blunt the extent to which economic turbulence produces social disorder . Community development can make low- ...
الصفحة 19
Today , as in 1968 , an appropriate response to Kain and Persky's concerns is to acknowledge that continued pressure against housing discrimination , especially in suburbs , and other special efforts to help city residents gain access ...
Today , as in 1968 , an appropriate response to Kain and Persky's concerns is to acknowledge that continued pressure against housing discrimination , especially in suburbs , and other special efforts to help city residents gain access ...
الصفحة 45
Local governments ' responses vary from outright hostility to creative support of nonprofits . In between are many awkward governmental attempts that help less than intended or are actually harmful , particularly when the voluntary ...
Local governments ' responses vary from outright hostility to creative support of nonprofits . In between are many awkward governmental attempts that help less than intended or are actually harmful , particularly when the voluntary ...
الصفحة 46
Nonetheless, they often mobilize in response to local problems and may even be the first movers in taking initiative to solve them. As Mark Moore observes in chapter 7, voluntary groups can be partners with level-one organizations in ...
Nonetheless, they often mobilize in response to local problems and may even be the first movers in taking initiative to solve them. As Mark Moore observes in chapter 7, voluntary groups can be partners with level-one organizations in ...
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achieve activities addition agencies alliances American areas assistance associations become benefits building capacity capital CDCs Center challenges chapter Chicago cities community development community-based concerns Corporation created crime discussion economic effects efforts employment evaluation evidence example experience families federal force Foundation funds groups housing important improve increase individual initiatives inner cities inner-city Institute interests involved issues labor less limited live low-income major measures ment mobilization move neighbor neighborhood networks nonprofit operating opportunities organizations outcomes participation percent planning political poor potential poverty Press problems produce projects questions rates relations relationships requires residents response sector shows social sources strategy structural studies success suggest theory tion units University Urban York
مقاطع مشهورة
الصفحة 259 - ... difficulties in a personal manner without making arrests. These two conceptions are in a large measure contradictory. The policeman who takes a strictly legalistic view of his duties cuts himself off from the personal relations necessary to enable him to serve as a mediator of disputes in his area. The policeman who develops close ties with local people is unable to act against them with the vigor prescribed by the law.
الصفحة 239 - Physical capital is wholly tangible, being embodied in observable material form; human capital is less tangible, being embodied in the skills and knowledge acquired by an individual; social capital is even less tangible, for it is embodied in the relations among persons.
الصفحة 239 - ... features of social organization, such as networks, norms, and trust, that facilitate coordination and cooperation for mutual benefit.
الصفحة 163 - Community organizing involves mobilizing people to combat common problems and to increase their voice in institutions and decisions that affect their lives and communities. Community-based development involves neighborhood-based efforts to improve an area's physical and economic condition, such as the construction or rehabilitation of housing and the creation of jobs and business enterprises. Communitybased service provision involves neighborhood-level efforts to deliver social services...
الصفحة 258 - Wallace (1990) argue based on an analysis of the "planned shrinkage" of New York City fire and health services in recent decades: "The consequences of withdrawing municipal services from poor neighborhoods, the resulting outbreaks of contagious urban decay and forced migration which shred essential social networks and cause social disintegration, have become a highly significant contributor to decline in public health among the poor
الصفحة 238 - Janowitz (1974, 329) call the "systemic" model, where the local community is viewed as a complex system of friendship and kinship networks, and formal and informal associational ties are rooted in family life and ongoing socialization processes (see also Sampson 1991).
الصفحة 234 - Urban minorities have been particularly vulnerable to structural economic changes, such as the shift from goods-producing to service-producing industries, the increasing polarization of the labor market into low-wage and highwage sectors, technological innovations, and the relocation of manufacturing industries out of the central cities.
معلومات المراجع
| العنوان | Urban Problems and Community Development |
| المُحررون | Ronald F. Ferguson, William T. Dickens |
| الناشر | Brookings Institution Press, 2011 |
| رقم ISBN (الرقم الدولي المعياري للكتاب) | 0815719817, 9780815719816 |
| عدد الصفحات | 642 من الصفحات |
| تصدير الاقتباس | BiBTeX EndNote RefMan |