On Studying Organizational Cultures: Diagnosis and Understanding

actant activities adaptation and internal ambiguity analytical artifact level artifacts and values associated basic assumptions behavior conflicts create cross-organizational cultural analysis cultural interpretation cultural paradigm culture concept culture's defined department's directorate directorate's Edgar Schein elaborated emphasize environment everyday external adaptation formal framework functional areas functionalism and symbolism functionalist perspective funnel model Geertz individual interaction internal integration interviews Martin and Meyerson meaning meeting ritual ment metaphor metonyms minister minister's ministry myths nization orga organiza organization organization's members organizational culture organizational members organizational theory pamphlet patterns physical symbols Pondy postmodernism power and status predefined problems psychological contract reality relation Schein sections semiotics shared attitude Smircich social specific spiral spiral model staff members stories subcultures symbolic perspective task performance theoretical things tion tional culture tive top managers tural ture understanding values and basic various view and ethos world view zational