...defined changes in misfit can be identified. For example, Galbraith (1977: 36-37) defines uncertainty as "the difference between the amount of information...task and the amount of information already possessed by the organization " (italics in original). "Information required" is the value of the variable specified...

...uncertainty and equivocality (El-Shinnawy and Markus 1992). Uncertainty refers to "the difference between amount of information required to perform the task and the amount of information already possessed by the organization". Equivocality refers to ambiguity and multiple, conflicting interpretations of...

...hierarchy is overloaded. From the organizational viewpoint Galbraith (1973) defines uncertainty as the difference between the amount of information required...task and the amount of information already possessed by the organization. An organization can reduce the number of exceptions that occur by simply reducing...

...between interdependent parties and between the superior and subordinate. As the task uncertainty — the difference between the amount of information required...to perform the task and the amount of information possessed by the person performing the task-increases, fewer situations can be programmed in advance,...

...approach that has come to be called information-processing theory. Galbraith defined uncertainty as 'the difference between the amount of information...task and the amount of information already possessed by the organization'. Thus, he argued that the information-processing demands on the organization (ie...

...Information processing is key to the problem as information defines uncertainty, 'Uncertainty is defined as the difference between the amount of information required...task and the amount of information already possessed by the organisation.'1" We seem then to be presented with a simple requirement, identify the information...

...discussing the design of complex industrial organizations, defines uncertainty as an information gap, as "the difference between the amount of information...task and the amount of information already possessed by the organization." [76, p. 5]. Laufer identifies nine principles for managing projects in an era...

...the economy) and internal, work-realted task uncertainty. Jay Galbraith defines task uncertainty as "the difference between the amount of information...task and the amount of information already possessed by the organization." 2. The organization must have mechanisms and be structured such that it can diagnose...

...implementation. Uncertainty is reflected in the absence of answers to explicit questions and may be defined as 'the difference between the amount of information...task and the amount of information already possessed by the organisation' (Galbraith 1977). Again, these two enablers were of equal importance for radical...

...(1997), p. 272. See Gordon and Narayanan (1984), p. 44. See Chong (1996). Task uncertainty is defined as the difference between the amount of information required...perform the task and the amount of information already processed. See Galbraith (1973), p. 4. H 8b: Such an alignment between perceived strategic uncertainty...