Government and Society in MalaysiaCornell University Press, 1996 - 266 من الصفحات The Malaysian political system incorporates a mix of democratic and authoritarian characteristics. In this comprehensive account, Harold Crouch argues that, while they may appear contradictory, the responsive and the repressive features of the system combine in an integrated and coherent whole. Consistently dominated by the Malay party UMNO, which represents the largest ethnic group, the Malaysian government requires the support of its Chinese, Indian, and East Malaysian minorities to retain control. The need to appeal to a politically and ethnically divided electorate restrains the arbitrary exercise of power by the ruling coalition. As a result, the government responds to popular aspirations, particularly since a split in the dominant Malay party in the 1980s. Yet it also controls the electoral process, ensuring victory in all national elections. Communal, social, and economic factors have all contributed in rather ambiguous ways to shaping and Malaysian political system. Communal tensions, change in the class structure, and the consequences of economic growth have generated pressures in both democratic and authoritarian directions. The government has been remarkably stable despite sharp ethnic divisions and, Crouch suggests, it is unlikely to move swiftly toward full democracy in the near future. |
المحتوى
Ambiguous Regimes 33 | 3 |
Politics and Society before 1970 | 15 |
PART TWO THE POLITICAL SYSTEM | 29 |
The Government | 32 |
Opposition Parties and Elections | 56 |
Political Controls | 77 |
Incremental Authoritarianism | 96 |
The UMNO Split and the 1990 Election | 114 |
Communal Identity and Consociationalism | 152 |
The Evolving Class Structure | 177 |
The Fragmented Business Class | 196 |
Economic Growth Industrialization and Recession | 219 |
PART FOUR CONCLUSION | 235 |
A RepressiveResponsive Regime | 236 |
Bibliography | 249 |
261 | |
طبعات أخرى - عرض جميع المقتطفات
عبارات ومصطلحات مألوفة
Abdul Rahman Ahmad Alliance amendment Anwar Ibrahim authoritarian authoritarian powers BN parties bourgeoisie bumiputera business class businesspeople Chinese business Chinese community class structure coalition constitution culture Datuk democracy democratic deputy Despite detained di-Pertuan Agong dissidents dominated economic growth election electoral emergency established expanded factional force foreign Gerakan government's increased Indians indigenous industrialization interests Islamic issues Kelantan Kuala Lumpur Lim Kit Siang Mahathir major Malay community Malay elite Malay-dominated Malaya Malaysia Malaysian political ment Menteri Besar middle class Musa Musa Hitam Muslim non-Muslim opposition parties Parliament patronage peninsular percent political system prime minister racial Razak result rural Sabah Salleh Salleh Abas Sarawak seats sector Selangor Semangat 46 share Singapore society sultans Tengku Razaleigh tensions tion Tunku Abdul Rahman UMNO UMNO leaders UMNO's unions University Press urban voters votes Yang di-Pertuan Agong