AMES DOWIE, PATENTEE

and MANUFACTURER of ELASTIC Exportation, and Contractor for Army, Navy, BOOTS and SHOES, Wholesale, Retail, and for and Police Supplies, No. 455, STRAND, near COMMEN-TRAFALGAR SQUARE, LONDON.

In post 8vo., cloth, with Illustrations, price 8s. 6d., ANALYTICAL BIBLE: being the Holy testimonials he has received in reference thereto.

PRESBYTERIAN

MESSENGER.

THE great thing in the Church is Christ, the eternal deity of Christ, the blood of Christ, the Spirit of Christ, the presence of Christ among us. The great thing is Christ, but there is also advantage in a certain government of the Church. I am a Presbyterian, not only of situation, but of conviction and choice. Our Presbyterian way is the good middle way between Episcopacy on the one side, and Congregationalism on the other. We combine the two great principles that must be maintained in the Church-Order and Liberty: the order of government, and the liberty of the people.--MERLE D'AUBIGNE.

out of the Popish canon law, and not founded on the Word of God or the statute law of the land; and the existence of archbishops, diocesan bishops, archdeacons, deans, canons, and other unscriptural offices in the Church. They lamented the want of discipline in the Church; the promiscuous access of all persons to the holy communion, without any examination as to qualification, and without any power to exclude unworthy communicants. They objected to the mode of appointing ministers, which they said ought to be by the choice of the congregation, and not by presentation from the crown, or a bishop, or lay patron. They disapproved of pluralities, nonresidence, and the performance of pastoral duties by the proxy of curates. They objected to the buying and selling of Church livings, and the transference in this way of the cure of souls to any purchaser. In the ceremonies and worship of the Church they objected to the devotional exercises being confined to written forms; to the public reading of the Apocrypha; the administration of the Lord's Supper in private; kneeling at the Lord's Supper; the consecration of churches, buryingplaces, and of the sacramental elements; the use of godfathers and godmothers in baptism, and the strange vows undertaken by sponsors in behalf of the child; the rite of confirmation by a prelate; the observation of Church festivals and holydays; the commemoration of the saints of the calendar; these and many other things they regarded as objectionable and unscriptural.

Some of the ceremonies objected to, and on account of which the greatest troubles arose, were in themselves unimportant and harmless; but having been always associated with particular doctrines of Popery they ought to have been abolished, as tending to encourage superstition and error. This was admitted by the more respectable even of the court bishops and conforming clergy. In the last will and testament of Sandys, archbishop of York, are these remarkable expressions: "I am now, and ever have been, persuaded that some of these rites and ceremonies are not expedient for this Church now; but that in the Church reformed, and in all this time of the Gospel, they may better be disused by little and little than more and more urged." Such was the dying testimony of one who had been a severe enforcer of conformity in things which he always thought had better have been disused than urged!

STATEMENT OF DR KALLEY'S CASE.

IN 1838, Dr. Kalley went to reside in
Madeira on account of the health of a
relative. He had opportunity of giving
medical advice occasionally to poor Portu-
guese, and in some cases his treatment was
attended with marked success. In this way,
gradually, his fame as a skilful physician
spread among the islanders, and great
numbers began to resort to him from the
most distant parts to seek advice and assist-
ance. Seeing the people to be very ignorant,
Dr. Kalley felt pity for their souls as well as
their bodies, as would any benevolent and
Christian man in such circumstances. He
gave tracts to many who came, and fre-
quently read and explained the Scriptures to
those assembled in his house for medical
advice and treatment. Much interest was
excited by this; and after a time these Bible
readings were attended by others besides the
medical patients.

By these instructions, and by other means
used by pious clergymen and laymen who
visited the island, much truth and light had
been diffused among a people who had long
been sitting in darkness and the shadow of
death. The Popish priests began to be
alarmed, and determined to use all efforts to
prevent the circulation of the Scriptures or
religious tracts; and to put a stop to all in-
struction of the people by heretics.

On the 16th January, 1843, Dr. Kalley received a verbal message from the Governor of the island "commanding him to abstain from his present illegal courses." Dr. Kalley replied in writing, expressing his anxiety to avoid anything illegal, and begging to be informed what law he was contravening.

tion, not only among the British residents, but also among many of the Portuguese. A Portuguese gentleman, knowing that no law had been violated, went to Dr. Kalley's house in face of the proclamation, and the Governor did not dare to take any notice of this breach of the proclamation. Several poor persons, however, who came for medical consultation, were imprisoned, and although they could not be tried, as having been guilty of no breach of law, they were forced to pay gaol fees before liberation.

On the 31st of March the case was for the first time brought before a court of law, and the judge dismissed it, declaring that there had been nothing illegal in the proceedings complained of.

On the 2d of April another public notice appeared, forbidding any Portuguese to enter Dr. Kalley's house on pain of prosecution, and one man was taken to gaol for disobeying.

The public prosecutor having appealed from the sentence of the 31st of March, the appeal, instead of being carried to the superior court at Lisbon, was brought before another court at Funchal, which had no jurisdiction in criminal cases of this kind. On the 5th of July the judge of this civil court (brother-in-law of the governor, and editor of a journal very violent against Dr. Kalley) declared that he annulled the sentence of the judge of the other court.

On the 11th of July the same judge ordered a warrant to be issued for the apprehension of Dr. Kalley, ordering him to be imprisoned, and bail to be denied. "I declare him,” it was said, "indicted and suspected of heresy and blasphemy. Let the notary place his name on the criminal roll, and pass mandate for his imprisonment, with denial of bail.”

The Governor said that it was illegal to On the 26th of July Dr. Kalley was imhold meetings of Portuguese subjects, or to prisoned, bail being denied. He appealed to address sermons, discourses, or conversations, Mr. Stoddart, the British Consul, who replied on religious subjects;—and that if he did that "the law must take its course." He not forbear he would be prosecuted. This appealed to the supreme judge for liberation interference of the Governor was in direct on bail, but, at the instigation of the public violation of the Portuguese Charter which prosecutor, it was refused, on the plea that allows complete liberty of religious worship. the crime laid to the prisoner's charge was From this time every opportunity was taken one punishable with death. Application was to annoy and injure Dr. Kalley. Several then made to the British judge conservator, times, a mob of persons, instigated, it is sup- a Portuguese judge, in British pay, appointed posed, by the priests, surrounded the entrance to watch over the interests of British subjects. of his house, insulting and abusing the His reply was, that he could not order the patients, and threatening personal violence liberation of one imprisoned by order of against the Doctor. Application having been another jurisdiction. Every appeal to the made to the parish magistrate, and then to the Portuguese authorities having thus proved In enumerating some of the points of dif- Government for protection, it was refused. fruitless, a statement of the case was forference between the Puritan and the Prelatic On the 17th March, 1843, a proclamation warded to the British ambassador at Lisbon, party in the time of Elizabeth, we have not was published by the Governor, which stated and to the Foreign-office in London. referred to the more weighty matters of doc- that Her Majesty the Queen having had her On the 1st of December a letter was fortrine that might be objected to. In many serious attention called to the illegal proceed-warded to Lisbon from the Foreign-office, parts of the Book of Common Prayer, how-ings of Dr. Kalley, he was thereby prohibited with instructions to demand liberation by ever excellent on the whole, there were from holding Meetings for religious purposes, bail. On the 7th of December the superior tismal, burial, absolution, and other services; and the Portuguese were forbidden to repair court of appeal at Lisbon (Court of Relação) and in the catechism, where it was taught to his house. The day after the proclamation declared the refusal of bail o have been that at baptism a child is "made a member was issued, police officers were stationed at illegal; and on the 12th, the court declared of Christ, a child of God, and an inheritor of also that the imprisonment had been illebelieve justified the Puritans in having resisted gal, on account of the incompetaty of the conformity, and in becoming Protestant Disjudge who had ordered it. Assoon, theresenters from the Established Church. fore, as this intelligence reached Madeira, (To be continued.) Dr. Kalley was released from imprisonment.

serious doctrinal errors, such as in the bap

the door with instructions to observe all
persons who entered, and to examine those
who professed to come for medical advice to
see if they ought to be admitted! These
arbitrary proceedings excited much indigna.

It was the 1st of January, 1844, when Dr. Kalley was set at liberty, having been in prison since the 16th of July, 1843. For more than five months a British subject had been left in the public gaol of Funchal, bail having been denied him, and his imprisonment having been declared illegal by the Portuguese courts of law. While in prison Dr. Kalley was visited by several members of the British nobility who were then resident on the island, and by many English and Portuguese who sympathized with him, and were indignant at the injustice and wrong done to him. But the British consul never once came near him. The Portuguese authorities gladly observed this, and supposed therefrom that their prisoner was abandoned by the government of his own country. And certainly there was great remissness, in that more prompt and strong remonstrance was not made from the Foreign-office. It was a dishonourable and un-English thing to allow one of our countrymen to be kept in gaol, until, through long and tedious correspondence, details of official inquiry should be made. It is our English way to count a man innocent till he is proved guilty, but here a man was counted and treated as guilty till he could be proved innocent. We know Mr. Stoddart, the consul, to be an inoffensive, irresolute man, and we suppose he was afraid to expose himself to the hostility and annoyance of the local authorities, without direct instructions from England. Had anything of decision and spirit been manifested at the commencement of this affair, and had Dr. Kalley early received the least countenance and protection from the British government, either through the consul at Funchal, or the ambassador at Lisbon, the scenes of outrage and violence which have since occurred must have been prevented.

During the session of the Portuguese | unprotected by his own government, and Cortes, at Lisbon, in 1844, an important prejudged by that of Portugal, expressed his change was made in the courts of law, the willingness to forego all claim for compensajudges being made removable from station to tion, on condition that no further legal prostation at the pleasure of the government. ceedings took place against him. After This was a subtle and tyrannical way of in- negotiation, this arrangement was made at creasing the power of the court and ministry, Lisbon through the ambassador, with the as few judges would dare lightly to offend sanction of the Foreign Secretary; and Dr. the government, with the terror of being sent Kalley returned to Funchal. from Lisbon or Funchal to Angola hanging over their heads. This change was not made expressly for the case of Dr. Kalley, but it was one of the first affected by it. In several debates in the Cortes allusion was made to the events in Madeira, and the Opposition denounced the proceedings of the government authorities as unconstitutional and contrary to civil and religious liberty, while one of her Majesty's ministers openly expressed regret that Dr. Kalley had been liberated, and his wish that he might yet be condemned. After this public declaration, what could be expected from Portuguese courts with their moveable judges?

On the 7th December, 1844, the decision of the British judge conservator (of Feb. 24,) was reversed by the court of Relaçao, and Dr. Kalley was directed to be again prosesecuted, under an ancient law of Portugal against those who deny God or the saints, and oppose religion. This law, dated from the times of the Inquisition, had long been in disuse, but never had been formally repealed. It was, however, at direct variance with the charter; and to prosecute on such a law was against the treaty of 1842 between Portugal and Great Britain. In the 4th section of Article 145 it is said, "The subjects of each of the high contracting parties shall also within the dominions of the other, be allowed the free use and exercise of their religion, without being in any manner disturbed on On the 24th February, 1844, in conse- account of their religious opinions; they shall quence of the decisions of the supreme court be allowed to assemble together for the purat Lisbon in December, Negrao, the British poses of public worship, and to celebrate the judge conservator, decided that Dr. Kalley rites of their religion in their own dwelling had been illegally imprisoned, and that the houses, or in chapels, or places of worship whole proceedings had been null and in-appointed for that purpose, without any the formal. The public prosecutor, who had smallest hindrance or interruption whatever, formerly appealed to another local court, now either now or hereafter." Signed at Lisbon, appealed to the Court of Relaçao at Lisbon. July, 1842, by Lord Howard de Walden, The case was there fully tried, and Dr. Kalley was acquitted; the attorney-general, public prosecutor, declaring that the charges against the accused were groundless, that he had been guilty of no civil crime, and that the Portuguese charter permits no one to be prosecuted on account of his religion. The whole matter seemed thus disposed of, and it only remained that reparation should be made to Dr. Kalley for his illegal imprisonment. In a Portuguese case where the same judge had overstepped the limits of his jurisdiction, about the very time that Dr. Kalley was released, he was condemned to pay the costs of the trial. But of his conduct in the present case no notice was taken. On June 21st, 1844, Lord Howard de Walden, the ambassador at Lisbon, at the instance of Lord Aberdeen, applied for compensation for the illegal imprionment, but the application was ineffectual.

and the Duke de Palmella.

Within a month after leaving Lisbon, and within a fortnight of his reaching the island, this agreement was violated; and a fresh warrant issued by Negrao for his apprehension. Bail was this time allowed, and it appeared that the step was taken merely to have an additional check on his proceedings. From the time of his return, and indeed from the date of the first and only legal decision (that of Dec. 7, 1844), Dr. Kalley carefully forbore from the slightest appearance of any infraction of the law; he held no "meetings of Portuguese, wherein he declared doctrines condemned by the State;" but he quietly exercised his medical profession, chiefly among the higher classes of the English and Portuguese residents. Spies were set to watch him, and snares were laid; but no ground for prosecution could be found against him. The malice of the priests and the threats of the mob were not however concealed; and intimations were from time to time given that, if not by law, by force he must be removed from the island.

On the 2d of August, 1845, a few friends met in the house of the Misses Rutherford to

hear a letter read from the Rev. Mr. Hewitson, of the Free Church of Scotland, who had been for some time in the island, and whose instructions had been blessed in the conversion of many of the natives. Dr. Kalley never heard of this meeting, and was not present. The spies having observed some of the persons marked as heretics entering the house, conveyed the intelligence to their employers. Presently a mob collected round the house, headed by a priest, Telles, one of the canons of the cathedral, who stood at the door of the house with an image in his hand, thrusting it into the faces of those who came out, telling them to worship God: the mob insulting and striking them. Soon after this, Dr. Kalley, knowing nothing of what was going on, came to the house to visit one of the Misses Rutherford, who was his patient, and was then dangerously ill. In riding to the door he was threatened and insulted, and his Portuguese servant was cruelly beaten. On the details of this day, and the subsequent scenes of violence until the expulsion of Dr. Kalley from the island, we shall not enter, because they have been recently brought prominently before the public in In January, 1845, Dr. Kalley, seeing that England. The following facts are worthy of he was again exposed to danger of imprison-being noted. On the 6th of August, in conment, and that he was at the mercy of Portuguese judges, under an old law of the Inquisition, thought it right to go to Lisbon and see the British ambassador. Lord Howard de Walden told him that "it seemed the claim for compensation had incited them to prosecute anew." On hearing this, Dr. Kalley,

On the faith of this treaty Portuguese subjects have free liberty of worship in the British dominions, and no hindrance is given to English subjects uniting with them and worshipping with them either in their private dwelling-houses or their chapels. And why is the same liberty not to be allowed to Protestants in Portugal that is given to Papists in England? This is not a question of religion, but of equity and national treaty.

sequence of the proceedings on the 2d, and the further violence threatened, application was made to the Governor for protection by police, which was refused. On the 7th, Dr. Kalley went to the British Consul, and, amongst other papers, shewed to him, an anonymous programme of what was to be

done, sent by some friend in the secret of the conspirators, and which proved to be an exact statement of what took place on the 9th of August. Mr. Stoddart advised Dr. Kalley to go to the mayor or governor of the town, who wrote a letter to the governor of the island, but the messenger was intercepted and the letter taken from him. This inattention and non-interference of the public functionaries encouraged the rioters, and they presumed too justly that the authorities connived at their plans. Then came the disgraceful outrages of the 9th of August; the attack on the dwelling of a British subject by a mob; the house ransacked and searched; the property seized, and either stolen or destroyed; the papers and books seized, and many of them burned in the public road, in presence of the British Consul, and the Mayor, and the Civil Governor; and Dr. Kalley and his family having to fly for their lives, with difficulty escaping to a British ship then lying in the bay. During the tumult, the military commandant of the island offered to send troops, as the Governor stated to the British Consul that the force at his disposal was unable to quell the riot; but this offer of reinforcement was declined. That the public authorities culpably neglected to interfere, and even connived at the proceedings of the mob, can be little doubted; and that the immediate instigators of the riot were the Popish priests is evident from the narrative given in a hostile journal (“O Independente"): "After the midday mass, a crowd tumultuously rushed out of the cathedral, and proceeded to the house of Dr. Kalley,"--then describing the outrages committed.

On the 11th of August, the rioters, intoxicated with their success, posted a list of others against whom force was to be applied, a copy of this paper being affixed to the Governor's palace. In consequence of these threats, and the absence of all protection, several British families, at the advice of the Consul, had to take refuge in a British vessel in the Bay of Funchal, till they could return to England.

On the 12th of August, a paper was forwarded to Lisbon, signed by the Governor and about forty of the local authorities, thirty-seven priests, and many others, petitioning the Government "to take steps to prevent similar occurrences in future." The Canon Telles carried about this petition for signature.

May the Great Head of the Church send many M'Cheynes to the pulpits of our English Presbyterian Church.

Yours, very sincerely,
27, Vincent-square, Westminster.
January, 1847.

R. H.

"Dear Jessie,-I am glad to hear by your letter to Mamma that you are a little better. I was always afraid you were taken ill by waiting so closely upon me during my illness. Cast your care all upon God, and He will care for you. Be like a little child fleeing to Christ for shelter, and hiding under His white shining robes, and leaning upon His almighty arm; and pray always that He may slay your lusts, and fill you with His living Spirit, and keep you from falling.

we have lately received intelligence, but | fear you have not a deep sense of the evil of
deem it prudent not to do so, as Dr. Kalley sin;" "Pray that God may write the 51st
is now in England, and is laying his case
Psalm on your heart."
before the British Government, in order to
induce them to interfere, and to demand re-
paration for the illegal violence suffered, and
compensation for the losses sustained in this
affair. We trust that the Government will
act with promptitude and vigour. It is a
case in which all Protestants should unite to
call for decisive interference. Within these
few years the British flag has been dis-
honoured, and British rights violated in
various parts of the world, through the influ-
ence of Popery. But not even in the South
Seas has any case so flagrant as this occurred.
An international treaty has been openly
violated, and the rights and securities of
British subjects disregarded. How different
this from the days of the Protectorate, when
Protestant England was the terror of Popery
and tyranny in every form, and when Crom-
well could justly boast that the name of an
Englishman was respected all over the world
as much as ever that of a Roman had been!
Popish influence is indeed strong in England,
if Dr. Kalley's case does not early secure the
attention of the Government, and effective in-
terference be not resorted to.

"I am now much better, though far from strong. If God will, I leave this on Monday for Jedburgh, and then for Gilsland, in England, where I hope to gain a little strength, and also to preach a little to the poor ignorant English. I trust a young man from Edinburgh will stay here in my place, and perform my duties all the time I am I expect to be two Sabbaths. I think he will come on Thursday, the 11th. You do not need to come home as long as the country does you good. Glenny is a very steady girl, and does well for the UNPUBLISHED LETTER OF THE LATE present. When you do come back, if you

REV. MR. M'CHEYNE.

To the Editor of the English Presbyterian Messenger.
MY DEAR SIR, Having recently been
brought into contact with the servant who
attended the lamented M'Cheyne in his
dying hours, I found in her possession the
enclosed letter addressed to her, when absent
in the country through indisposition. It has
You are at
not been published hitherto.
you
liberty to put it in the "Messenger” if
see proper to do so. The owner of it
cherishes it as an interesting relic of one
under whose searching ministry she found
mercy of the Lord.

She traces her conversion to a sermon

of his on a Communion Sabbath, in St. Peter's. His subject, in fencing one of the tables, was Ananias and Sapphira. "Many come to the table of the Lord," he said. "like Ananias and Sapphira, and lie unto the Holy Ghost." Although she was not a communicant on that occasion, her conscience smote her. She felt very uneasy. In the evening he took as his text Jeremiah xxxi. 31, "Behold, the days come, saith the Lord, that I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel, and with the house of Judah," &c. In his sermon he spoke of broken covenants of broken baptismal covenants, sick-bed covenants, &c. of broken sacramental covenants, of broken Under this third head, he said, "I put it to your consciences, have you not broken sick-bed covenants?" She felt as if he spoke to her, and became alarmed. "After a pause, (she says,) he changed his voice, and said in a tone I shall never forget, I will forgive their iniquity, and I will was made to criminate those who had been remembe their sin no more." As he uttered driven off the island, the result of the inquiry these words, I got grace; the load went was that the Governor and the Mayor were It was after this that she dismissed, and strong censure passed on the entered his service. She continued with him till his death. She sees the force of many things now, that he used to say to her then, as for example, "Pray that you may know the deceitfulness of your own heart;" "I

On the 27th of September a Royal Commission arrived from Lisbon to investigate the matter. Although the selection and examination of witnesses was most partial and unfair; although the papers of Dr. Kalley were examined and searched, contrary to the treaty of 1842; and although every effort

conduct of the public authorities.

We could carry this statement down to events of much more recent date, of which

off-I saw it all."

feel unwell, apply to Dr. Gibson.

My mother will go with me, and Jamie, I think, will go to Blairgowrie for a week at least.

"St. Peter's is still as it was: some drops of

mercy appear to be falling. Pray much to learn your own wicked heart, and the preciousness of Christ. Do good to all as you have opportunity.

"Believe me,

"Your Master, and Friend in the Lord, "ROBT. M. M'CHEYNE. "Dundee, August 4, 1842.”

HAPPINESS.-Could we ask those saints ant in heaven, what it is that renders whose spirits are now glorified and triumphtheir heaven so glorious and their glory so incomprehensible? they would answer, that it is because they have now attained a complete enjoyment of that all-sufficient, allsatisfying, ever-blessed, and ever-blessing object, God in Christ.-Arrowsmith.

IGNORANCE.-Ignorance of the purity of God, of the extent and spirituality of his law, and of the total depravation of their own hearts, is that which makes any persons commence Arians or Socinians. Were they duly convinced of sin, they would need no other arguments to convince them that the Saviour, whose blood is able to expiate its guilt, is and must be very God.-Haweis.

THOUGH we and our best works are vile, yet the Lord, looking upon the forehead of our High Priest, sees holiness engraven there; looking upon the face of Christ, He there also beholds it for us, and becomes well pleased with us; and we, in the four

may be persuaded and our acceptance with the Lord through the faith of Him. Thou that sayest there is nothing but sin in me, sin and vileness in all I do, I answer, It is true, the Lord can see nothing but sin in thee; but He cannot look upon High Priest but there He sees holiness, yea, the holiness of Jehovah there.—Mather.

the