Stephen M. Duncan was nominated by President Reagan to be Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs on August 7.1987. and was confirmed by the United States Senate on October 23.198. He was reappointed to that office by President Bush or. June 26. 1989. As Assistant Secretary. Mr. Duncan serves as the principal staff assistant and advisor to the Secretary of Defense on all matters involving the Reserve components of the U.S. Armed Forces. including the Army National Guard. Air National Guard. Army Reserve. Air Force Reserve. Naval Reserve. Marine Corps Reserve. and Coast Guard Reserve. For his service as Assistant Secretary, he has received the Department of Defense Medal for Distinguished Public Service.

Mr. Duncan also serves separately as the Department of Defense Coordinator for Drug Enforcemer.: Policy and Support. In that capacity, he acts as the principal assistant and advisor to the Secretary of Defense for all policies and programs of the Department of Defense which implement the President's National Drug Control Strategy and the counterdrug missions assigned to the Armed Forces by law.

Assistant Secretar, Duncan was born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma on March 28.1941. He graduated from the U. S.
Naval Academy in 1963. receiving his Bachelor of Science Degree and a commission as Ensign. U.S. Navy. He
received a Master of Arts Degree in Amencan Government from Dartmouth College in 1969 and a Doctor of Jurisprudence
Degree from the University of Colorado School of Law in 1971

He served as a deck and watch officer aboard U.S.S. ESTES (AGC-12). an amphibious flagship which directed amphibious landings near Chu Lai. Vietnam in the spring of 1965 He subsequently served as the Weapons Officer aboard U.S.S CARRONADE IFS-1. the flagship of a division of four rocket ships which provided close-in gunfire support to ground forces in Vietnam.. His combat decorations include the Navy Commendation Medal (with Combat "V. the Comba: Action Ribbon. the Republic of Vietnam Cross of Gallantry (Bronze Star). the Navy Unit Commendation and various other unit citations and campaign medals related to his service in Vietnam. In 1967. Mr. Duncan was appointed Assistant Professor of Naval Science at Dartmouth College. where he taught Naval Engineering and Naval History He transferred to the U.S. Naval Reserve in 1969. At the time of his first appointment in 1987. he held the rank of Captain. US Naval Reserve. He is a recipient of the Armed Forces Reserve Medal.

M:. Duncan served as Assistant U.S. Attorney for the Federal District of Colorado in 1972-73. From 1973 to 1957 he was engaged in the private practice of law in Denver. Colorado. most recently as a partner in the Denver firm of Hopper. Kanout. Smith.. Peryam. Terry and Duncar.. His practice was concentrated in the trial and appeal of complex commercial disputes in both federal and state courts. He is a member of the Bar of the U.S. Supreme Court. the State of Colorado. the U.S. Count of Military Appeals and other federal courts. He is member of the faculty of the Trial Advocacy Institute at the University of Virginia School of Law. and in 1982 he was elected a Fellow of the International Society of Barristers. He has published articles in various professional journals and has served as an elected member of the Board of Governors of the Colorado Bar Association and the Board of Trustees of the Denver Bar Association

Assistant Secretar, Duncan is married to the former Luelia Rinehart of Santa Monica, California. They have two daughters. Kelly is a 1990 graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy and is serving on active duty with the Navy Paige is a college studen

3

Mr. Chairman and Members of the Committee:

In September 1989, the President announced his first

National Drug Control Strategy.

The same month, the Secretary of Defense designated the detection and countering of the produc

I am

tion, trafficking, and use of illegal drugs as a "high priority national security mission of the Department of Defense." Much has happened during the succeeding two and one half years. honored to once again have the opportunity to discuss the policies which have been established and the actions that have been taken by the Department of Defense to implement the President's Strategy and to comply with the counterdrug responsibilities which have been assigned to the Department by law.

The counterdrug mission of the Department of Defense is difficult.

Our counterdrug policies, programs, and activities are very complex. They have been designed to attack a very unconventional enemy. In order to perform this mission, the Department of Defense must engage daily in a complicated interagency process involving governmental entities with which the DoD does not normally deal. The Armed Forces must operate within strict limitations of law and policy that do not inhibit the performance of more traditional military missions. The very

nature of the fight against drug trafficking prevents it from being won cheaply or quickly. The Department of Defense has little ability to limit the casualties in the conflict and significant numbers of casualties may be found in neighborhoods and institutions all over the country. Because Americans are

impatient, there is even doubt among some commentators that the nation will make the commitment over time that will be required for victory.

The performance of the counterdrug mission in FY 1991 was made even more difficult because of the huge effort that was required of the Armed Forces during Operations DESERT SHIELD/DESERT STORM, and as a result of intense efforts within the Department to adjust to both the dramatic changes in the world security environment and major reductions in the Department's resources. Consequently, the Congress and the American

people have every right to be particularly proud of the counterdrug efforts and the performance of the Armed Forces. The President noted in his recently announced fourth National Drug Control Strategy statement that there is already evidence of significant progress in the fight against international drug trafficking, but the continuing counterdrug efforts of the Department are best viewed as investments in the future. are among the early steps the nation is taking in a long walk that will require a reduction in the demand by Americans for drugs, as well as reductions in the growth, production and distribution of drugs.

They

The President's 1989 National Drug Control Strategy affected the Department of Defense in several ways. It established policies to unite the counterdrug efforts of federal departments and agencies with those of state, local, and private entities. I' committed unprecedented new resources for drug law enforcement,

treatment, prevention efforts, and in support of our foreign allies. For the first time, a national standard based on actual drug usage became the measure of progress, rather than the amount of drugs seized, the number of arrests made, or the number of addicts treated.

The policies of the Department of Defense that were established in September, 1989 to implement the President's Strategy, were based on the same approach. Since that time, performance and progress has not been measured exclusively or even primarily by such level of effort criteria as the number of days in which Navy ships are engaged in counterdrug activities at sea, or the number of hours flown on counterdrug missions by military aircraft. More relevant criteria are now used, as I explained in the May 1991 Report to the Congress on the Department's Drug Interdiction and Counterdrug Activities for FY 1990. I have addressed these criteria further at pages 59-62 below.

Today, the

The policies which have governed the use of the Armed Forces since September, 1989, have resulted in a greatly expanded use of both the Active and Reserve components to attack the flow of illegal drugs at each phase of their transit from the producing countries to our shores, and within our country. Department of Defense is helping to attack the supply of illegal drugs in the source countries through a continuing program of nation building and training-related support requested by the respective host nations. The Department is vigorously attacking the trafficking of illegal drugs in transit to our country by

deploying substantial detection and monitoring assets. Finally, the Department is attacking the flow of drugs within the United States by using Active, National Guard and other Reserve component personnel in support of a wide range of counterdrug activities by Federal, state and local law enforcement agencies.

THE EFFECT OF OPERATIONS DESERT SHIELD/DESERT STORM

Considerable misunderstanding continue

to exist on the

: on the counterdrug

seve ity of the impact of the Persian Gulf k efforts of the Department of Defense. A brief word of explanation may be helpful.

ment'

Despite the large number of forces and logistical support that was required to fight the Gulf War, the tempo of the Depart's counterdrug operations during FY 1991 remained close to the same overall levels that existed prior to the commencement of Operation DESERT SHIELD/DESERT STORM. In fact, the tempo increa substantially along the Southwest Border. Flexibility was a constant objective. For example, the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) and Forces Command (FORSCOM) used HAWK missile radar systems in place of the Patriot systems that were sent to the Gulf. The Atlantic Command (LANTCOM) made up for the temporary loss of some sensor and other assets that were deployed by using other types of sensors. In FY 1991, Forces Command (FORSCOM) supported almost seven times the number