Senator GLENN. All right. Fine, thank you. END STRENGTH General Carney, the Army plans to get to an active duty end strength for fiscal year 1992 that is 19,500 lower than you requested and which we authorized last year. What force structure reduction in the Army relates to this 19,500 reduction? General CARNEY. Senator Glenn, the force structure related to that is the acceleration of force drawdowns in U.S. Army Europe. Senator GLENN. Mainly Europe? General CARNEY. Yes, sir. Senator GLENN. The total? General CARNEY. Not total, there are some that come out of our TDA, training and doctrine command. Some at the Pentagon and elsewhere, but principally the units that will be drawn down to accommodate that are the acceleration of plans we had for our Europe forces. Senator GLENN. Are you going to have to RIF any people to achieve this reduction to your original request? General CARNEY. We have not increased our plans because of that acceleration, no, sir. Senator GLENN. Will you use the authority we provided last year to exceed your authorized end strength ceiling and to transfer funds if necessary to avoid RIFs? General CARNEY. We do not expect to exceed 640,000. Senator GLENN. General Boles, the Air Force requests an active duty end strength for 1993 that is 8,200 lower than the level you requested and which we authorized last year. What force structure reductions in the Air Force relate to this 8,200 reduction? General BOLES. Sir, I cannot give you a specific. I know we are drawing down considerable force structure in the fighter and the bomber force in fiscal year 1992 and in fiscal year 1993 as well as some management headquarters reductions. Senator GLENN. Okay. Could you give us that for the record? [The information follows:] The Air Force program for 1992 dips below apportioned levels allocated under the European Troop Strength (ETS) ceiling established in the Fiscal Year 1992 Authorization Act. In anticipation of further reductions, the downward slope continues through the out years. On March 24, General Calvin, Commander in Chief Europe, announced a plan to Congress which by 1995 will bring forces in Europe substantially lower than the ceiling provided by law. We are working to bring the Air Force program within the newly announced levels by 1995. RIFS Senator GLENN. The way you see it now, will you have to RIF any people to get this reduction? General BOLES. As I mentioned in my statement, if we wanted to meet exactly on the number, and if we wanted to continue at the present accession levels, and if officer losses do not increase greater than we have right now under VSI and SSB, we could need to RIF some officers in fiscal year 1993, yes, sir. I gave three assumptions in there that bring some variables into play. Senator GLENN. Will you use the authority we provided last year to exceed your authorized end strength ceiling and to transfer funds if necessary to avoid RIFs? General BOLES. Yes, sir, we would. But I think at the present time, by total numbers, we can come in under our current projection. Senator GLENN. Admiral Zlatoper and General Cooper, what about the Navy and the Marine Corps, would you use the authority we provided to exceed your end strength levels and transfer funds if necessary to avoid RIFS? Admiral ZLATOPER. Senator, hopefully in 1992 and 1993, we will not have to resort to RIFs in the plan that we execute. If we are confronted with some unexpected event, I can guarantee you, the last thing we would do would resort to RIFS. Senator GLENN. General Cooper. General COOPER. Sir, we will not have to RIF anyone in fiscal year 1993, but should that remote occasion happen, we would use that authority, sir. RECRUITING Senator GLENN. A couple of you mentioned recruiting and I would like to get on that just a minute. The issue of recruiting as the military is downsizing has received considerable attention in the media. It has also been a matter of concern to some of our members. In comments on the Senate floor on March 4th, Senator Pryor criticized the Defense Department for increasing its spending for recruiting, at the same time recruiting is being cut back by 34 percent from the level 3 years ago. And at a full committee hearing 2 weeks ago, Senator Exon asked whether or not recruiting could not be cut back. Would each of you tell us what you are doing to scale back the recruiting engine of your respective services? We all see Superbowl advertising and so on, and where we hear that 30 seconds cost $700,000 or something like that. So can you tell us what your plans are to scale back, at least on recruiting expenses at this particular time? General Carney, you mentioned something about recruiting earlier, would you like to lead off? General CARNEY. Yes, Mr. Chairman, I have some experience in this field, having spent 3 1⁄2 years in the recruiting command, including 2 years as its commander. We have extensive plans to draw down our recruiting effort. I must reemphasize however that we cannot stop recruiting. As I mentioned in my statement, 46 percent of our force has less than 4 years of service. We expect that at the base force level of 536,000 that on average we will need about 85,000-90,000 accessions per year. This year we expect to access 75,000. That is a formidable task. We are in fact drawing down our recruiting effort. First, a comment about the infrastructure. We are reducing it from 5 brigades to 4; and we are reducing it from 55 battalions to 42. Our recruiting stations, which in 1989 numbered slightly over 2,000, by 1993 will be less than 1,600. The number of production recruiters that we had in 1989 was 5,900, by 1993 it will be 4,590. So the effort is in a drawdown mode, but it cannot draw down too fast or too far. The operating accounts of this effort have been reduced by 29 percent since fiscal year 1989. There has been a significant reduction in the recruiting effort. On advertising, Mr. Chairman, we have found through the decade of the 1980s with the Be All You Can Be campaign, that America's youth responded to that. It is a high recognition slogan, but what goes into that slogan must be constantly reinforced: the fact that the Army is a place where you can grow; the fact that the Army is a place where the Congress authorizes you to serve and leave with money for education, to gain a skill, to go on to be a better American citizen. That message must be constantly reinforced. In 1989 we had recruiting advertising dollars of $74 million. In 1993 we ask for $42 million. When we measure, as advertisers do, what we call reach and frequency, how many people we will send our message to and how often we will send it, we find that it is in 1993 at the lowest level in 13 years-13 years, Mr. Chairman, you may recall was 1979 where the Army failed its recruiting mission by 17,000 soldiers. We cannot afford to do that. Quite frankly, I consider this to be at risk, but nonetheless it is an adequate budget as long as unemployment holds at these levels. Recruiting is very sensitive to the employment market across the Nation. Part of our success, I am sure this year, relates to the fact that unemployment remains high. ADVERTISING Above all, we would ask that you never cap advertising. Like any marketing organization, we have to have the ability to surge the advertising if our market fails us. So we ask you to support the President's budget in the advertising business, and please, Mr. Chairman, to ensure that there would not be any caps placed on that in case we had to do, in the short-term, a reprogramming. Senator GLENN. Thank you, General. Would you repeat what you had in your opening statement a little while ago, there was a figure that, if I heard you correctly, that 50 percent of your people turn over every what, 4 years, 6 years, is that correct? General CARNEY. No, what I said, Mr. Chairman was that 46 percent of our force have less than 4 years service. In other words, they have not attained career status. As a consequence, we have to continue to provide fresh soldiers. Indeed, the Chief of Staff of the Army and the Sergeant Major of the Army of the year 2020 is still in high school. They have to be recruited each and every year. We expect after the drawdown to bring in about 85,000-90,000. This year we will bring in about 75,000. Senator GLENN. Admiral Zlatoper, how about you? Admiral ZLATOPER. Yes, Senator, unfortunately, you did not see the Navy advertised at the Superbowl because we have been off television except for public service announcements at 2:00 in the morning, and we Senator GLENN. Does that mean that the Navy is trying to recruit the barflies? [Laughter.] Admiral ZLATOPER. But as you may have heard Senator GLENN. I retract that remark. Admiral ZLATOPER. We also have a very good anti-alcohol program. But we have been off of television in a funded sense for the last couple of years. We historically document the highest requirement for skilled recruits. I think 81 percent is the number, highest of all the services. Yet I am sad to say we have the lowest quality measure of people that actually come to join us when compared to the other services. ADVERTISING We have taken on the intent of the Congress in getting off the high visibility event. We are very sensitive to that. We are in strict compliance, and we have not been on television. We are working on a $14.7 million budget in advertising this year, and level funding is probably the best we can do. Just as General Carney mentioned, my replacement is a college graduate this year, and he needs to be coming into the Navy now, as does the replacement for the Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy who is retiring from the Navy this year. Unless we can advertise and get those replacements in, I do not know if we can keep a viable force. We are quality driven because we are working hard, as we become smaller to be a higher quality Navy, and accordingly, while we are not on television, we are very limited in our access to radio. We are trying to put the level of funds that we have in the recruiting and the advertising portion of our recruiting budget into places where you get the highest impact. We need to support of field recruiters. We are going to come down by almost 10 percent in the number of field recruiters we have between now and the end of this fiscal year alone. We want to be sure that they have the tools and access that they need to move on. Senator GLENN. Fine, thank you. General Boles. General BOLES. Sir, we join the Navy at 2:00 in the morning with public service announcements and have never paid for any advertising on TV and have not paid for radio since fiscal year 1990. We do use free public service spots. We make maximum utilization of the list of potential applicants purchased by the DOD sponsored joint recruiting advertising program. ADVERTSING BUDGETS We have reduced our advertising budget from $16 million in fiscal year 1990 to about $6 million this year, which is a 63 percent drop. Of the $6 million, about two-thirds of that budget is targeted to medical and physician recruiting which is historically a very hard area in which to recruit. We are using that to advertise in the print media, medical journals, produce the radio and TV public service ads and then to design and print materials for mass mail outs because as someone earlier mentioned, unless we keep the word in the high schools that the Air Force does have a need for quality people, they will think that they are not needed. So we have already reduced our budget by almost two-thirds. Senator GLENN. Fine. General Cooper. General COOPER. Sir, since 1989, our recruiting advertising budget has been reduced by 45 percent. Our target audience are ages 16 to 19 years old. They spend 22 hours per week watching television. The most popular thing they watch are sports programs. These programs provide us our most lucrative audience. RECRUITING We would not send an infantry battalion into combat without supporting arms, air, artillery. Likewise, we can hardly send our recruiters into the field to recruit people without their supporting arms which is paid advertisement. I hasten to add that our last major moment of television advertisement which created such a stir was the NFL championship game. We paid an average of $54,000 for sports spots and we have received a number of other free public service spots that were put in beyond that. If we were to recruit the number that I mentioned earlier in my statement, 32,000 enlisted; 1,665 officers, plus 4,700 enlisted; and 700 officers in our reserve establishment in fiscal year 1993, we need a viable recruiting program. We have 2,400 production recruiters spread throughout the United States that enlist or recruit these Marines on an annual basis. We will reduce that by about 65 this year and over the period of now to 1997, nearly 300 recruiters will be reduced. But there is a lower level below which you cannot go, Senator, and still have a productive recruiting establishment that can get out there. Ten percent of the Marines that come in the Marine Corps actually walk into the recruiting station and volunteer. The other 90 percent we must go out and actively recruit them. The first thing that must happen is, they must know and understand what the Marine Corps is about. It is like trying to sell a cup over the telephone. If the person on the other end does not understand what the cup is, there is no way that you can possibly describe it to them and get it across that they should buy this item. Likewise, as is true with the Marine Corps or any service, so we must have an ability to advertise so that our recruiters can go out and attack the problem and recruit the kind of quality young men and women that we need to make the Marine Corps of the future. Senator GLENN. My time is more than up, and our committee chairman is here, Senator Nunn, but just before that, Mr. Jehn, do you try to coordinate this or do you leave each service pretty much on its own as far as recruiting and what they think is going to work best for them? Mr. JEHN. No, sir, we coordinate a lot, and I just would like to place the comments of these fine officers in a little bit of context. They have spoken eloquently about the need for recruiting and the need to keep the flow of recruits in. But I would like to emphasize a couple of things. First, even at a force of 1.6 million men and women in uniform, which is what we are shooting for in the late 1990s, the services collectively will need to recruit 240,000 young men and women each year, and as each of |