Information Technology and the Corporation of the 1990s: Research StudiesThomas J. Allen, Michael S. Scott Morton Oxford University Press, 06/01/1994 - 544 من الصفحات One of the most pathbreaking and influential business books of the 1990s is The Corporation of the 1990s by Michael Scott Morton. Its expert view of how information technology would influence organizations and their ability to survive and prosper in the 1990s has become the benchmark of thinking about information technology. Now, in a supporting companion volume, Information Technology and the Corporation of the 1990s makes available the research on which The Corporation of the 1990s was based. The research was conducted at the Sloan School of Management at MIT by the Management in the 1990s program. The program was funded by a group of 12 industrial and government sponsors from the United States and Britain which included American Express, Digital Equipment Corporation, Eastman Kodak, British Petroleum, MCI Communications, General Motors, U.S. Army, ICL Ltd., Internal Revenue Service, Ernst & Young, BellSouth, and CIGNA Corporation. Information Technology and the Corporation of the 1990s aims to disseminate ideas on how organizations can manage the impact of information technology, and also to raise issues and stimulate further thought by both academics and professionals. The book is divided into three sections which cover the information technology revolution, strategic options, and organization and management responses. It incorporates the work of many important scholars including Charles Jonscher, Michael J. Piore, Thomas W. Malone. JoAnne Yates, Robert I. Benjamin, Gary W. Loveman, Eric von Hippel, Edgar H. Schein, Stanley M. Besen, Garth Saloner, N. Venkatraman, Akbar Zaheer, John C. Henderson, Jay C. Cooprider, Kevin Crowston, Jeongsuk Koh, Gordon Walker, Laura Poppo, John S. Carroll, Constance Perin, Brian T. Pentland, John Chalykoff, Lotte Bailyn, D. Eleanor Westney, Sumantra Ghoshal, John D.C. Little, Thomas J. Allen, Oscar Hauptman, Lisa M. Lynch, Paul Osterman, Thomas A. Kochan, and John Paul MacDuffie. |
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abnormal returns adopters agents analysis asset specificity assumptions AT&T automated behavior benefits CCITT CEOs communication competitive competitors components coordination corporate culture data bases dimension economic effects efficiency electronic integration electronic mail electronic markets employees employment environment estimates example experience curve effect expert systems factors firms functions Harvard Business Review hierarchies hypothesis impact implementation important increase industry information systems information technology innovation input interface internal ISDN joint ventures labor lead users Malone manufacturing Massachusetts measures ment microcomputers monitoring occupation operations organization organizational structure output PC-CAD percent performance personal computers perspective potential problem production relationships response role sample satisfaction significant Sloan School standard strategic management suppliers Table tasks tech telecommunications telecommunications network telephone theory tion transaction costs transition unit user computing variables workers
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الصفحة 128 - Schein (1985) defines organizational culture as "a pattern of basic assumptions — invented, discovered or developed by a given group as it learns to cope with its problems of external adaptation and internal integration — that has worked well enough to be considered valid and, therefore, to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problems
الصفحة 157 - The International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee (CCITT) , and The International Radio Consultative Committee 'CCIR).
الصفحة 116 - lead users" of a novel or enhanced product, process or service as those who display two characteristics with respect to it: 1. Lead users face needs that will be general in a marketplace — but face them months or years before the bulk of that marketplace encounters them, and 2. Lead users are positioned to benefit significantly by obtaining a solution to those needs.
الصفحة 68 - The providers of electronic markets and electronic hierarchies should, in many cases, be able to realize significant revenues from providing these services. The Shift from Hierarchies toward Markets Our prediction that information technology will be more widely used for coordinating economic activities is not a surprising one, even though our analysis of the three effects involved (electronic communication, brokerage, and integration effects) is new. In this section we move to a more surprising and...
الصفحة 168 - Comparably Efficient Interconnection (CEI) and an Open Network Architecture (ONA) plan acceptable to the Commission had been offered. The requirement of CEI is intended to provide competing suppliers with access to the telephone transmission system on the same basis as the subsidiaries of the telephone company that are providing the same services. ONA means that the components of the telephone system are to be made available to competing suppliers on an unbundled basis so that they can be combined...
الصفحة 168 - Carterfone case, 68 which introduced competition into the supply of equipment to telephone customers, standards have become an increasingly important policy concern. In adopting its equipment registration program, in which it sought to eliminate technical barriers to the entry of independent equipment suppliers, the Commission required, with one minor exception, that "all terminal equipment be connected to the telephone network through standard plugs and jacks.
الصفحة 215 - Now if the elements necessary to the co-alignment are in part influenced by powerful forces in the organization's environment, then organization survival requires adaptive as well as directive action in those areas where the organization maintains discretion. Since each of the necessary streams of institutional action moves at its own rate, the timing of both adaptive and directive action is a crucial administrative matter. As...
الصفحة 68 - ... database, can fulfill this same function. The standards and protocols of the electronic market allow a buyer to screen out obviously inappropriate suppliers, and to compare the offerings of many different potential suppliers quickly, conveniently, and inexpensively. Thus the electronic brokerage effect can (1) increase the number of alternatives that can be considered, (2) increase the quality of the alternative eventually selected, and (3) decrease the cost of the entire product selection process....
الصفحة 179 - ... pre-normative' R&D covering the technologies required for integrated broadband communications (the RACE programme); promoting the introduction and development of advanced services and networks in the less-favoured peripheral regions of the Community...
الصفحة 65 - ... asset. The two factors are logically independent, however, despite this frequent correlation. Coal produced by a coal mine located adjacent to a manufacturing plant is highly site specific, though the product description is quite simple. Conversely, an automobile is low in asset specificity, since most cars can be used by many possible consumers, but the potential car buyer requires an extensive and complex description of the car's attributes in order to make a purchasing decision. Other things...