The New Urban RealityPaul E. Peterson Brookings Institution Press, 07/06/2001 - 301 من الصفحات America's inner cities, particularly those in older industrial metropolitan areas, have declined sharply in both population and employment over the past two decades. How much of this change is due to technological advances in transportation, communication, and manufacturing? How much of it is due to the changing racial composition of the central cities? Can any set of public policies retard or reverse the decline of the industrial cities? This book presents an interdisciplinary collection of papers addressing these questions. In the introduction, editor Paul E. Peterson discusses the ways in which adverse economic and racial changes interact and urges more realistic federal policies to counteract these changes. In Part 1, "The Processes of Urban Growth and Decline," sociologist John D. Kasarda analyzes the growing mismatch between inner-city jobs and residents, and geographer Brian J. L. Berry discusses the economics of inner-city gentrification. Racial change is the subject of Part II: sociologist Elijah Anderson depicts race relations in a gentrifying inner-city neighborhood; sociologist William J. Wilson delineates the social and economic problems of inner-city blacks; and political scientist Gary Orfield calls for bold efforts to reverse the continuing urban pattern of racial segregation. Part III looks at the way cities have responded to economic and racial change. Economist Kenneth A. Small discusses the impact of transportation policy; political scientist Herbert Jacob finds that increasing efforts to control urban crime have not been effective; and sociologist Terry Nichols Clark emphasizes the effect of political factors on the fiscal condition of cities. Economist Anthony Downs, reviewing the issues raised by the other authors, sees little hope for racial integration as the central social strategy for solving urban problems, but does see hope in the internal resources of America's minority communities. |
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... Hispanic Census Tracts in Chicago , by Level of Integration , 1980 189 Kenneth A. Small 1. The Effects of Alternative Policies in City of Cleveland , 1980-90 2. Distribution of Metropolitan Workers , by Workplace , Place of Residence ...
... Hispanic Populations , 1980 165 2. Types of Racial Change for Blacks and Hispanics in Census Tracts in Chicago Suburbs , 1970-80 186 3. Types of Racial Change for Blacks and Hispanics in Census Tracts in City of Chicago , 1970-80 187 ...
... Hispanics , and Asians . Some inner- city neighborhoods have been abandoned altogether . 3. Edwin S. Mills , Studies in the Structure of the Urban Economy ( Johns Hopkins University Press , 1972 ) , pp . 48-49 ; and Barry Edmonston and ...
... Hispanic population are more difficult to obtain , but Kasarda , using the best data available , reports that in the four largest cities of these regions the Hispanic population grew by nearly 400,000 , or 26 percent . As a result of ...
... Hispanic , of cities 1970 1960-70 1970 All cities in sample 121 18.7 2.8 6.1 Growing city in growing SMSA Stagnant ... Hispanics are now the group of greatest concern . The flow of Hispanics to urban America is certainly among ...
المحتوى
and Minority Opportunities | 33 |
The Evolving Structure and Functions of Americas Cities | 36 |
Effects on Job Opportunities | 43 |
Changing Demographic Compositions | 51 |
Consequences of Minority Confinement | 56 |
Targeting Anchoring and Demographic Disequilibria | 61 |
Spatial Inequities and Equality of Opportunity | 62 |
New Urban Policies for New Urban Realities | 63 |
Successful Racial Change | 184 |
The Policy Choice | 189 |
Transportation and Urban Change | 197 |
Trends Affecting Urban Development | 199 |
Determinants of Urban Travel Behavior | 204 |
Effects of Transportation on Urban Development | 207 |
Past and Present Policies | 214 |
Future Policies | 217 |
Helping Those Caught in the Web of Change | 65 |
Islands of Renewal in Seas of Decay | 69 |
Studies of Revitalization | 71 |
The Gentrification Hypothesis | 83 |
A New Interpretation | 88 |
Conclusions | 95 |
Race and Neighborhood Transition | 99 |
A Community in Transition | 101 |
Sharing the Public Space | 108 |
Conclusion | 125 |
The Urban Underclass in Advanced Industrial Society | 129 |
The Tangle of Pathology in the Inner City | 133 |
Toward a Comprehensive Explanation | 141 |
Conclusion | 159 |
Ghettoization and Its Alternatives | 161 |
Ghettoization and Suburbanization | 162 |
Chicagos History of Racial Change | 164 |
Consequences of Segregation | 174 |
Policy Responses to Racial Change | 181 |
Conclusion | 222 |
Policy Responses to Crime | 225 |
Crime and Response in American Cities | 226 |
Linkages | 244 |
Conclusion | 249 |
How Different Are Snow Belt and Sun Belt Cities? | 253 |
Modeling Fiscal Policymaking | 263 |
A Model to Test the Factors Affecting Urban Fiscal Policy | 265 |
Summary and Conclusion | 278 |
The Future of Industrial Cities | 281 |
Is Severe Decline Reversible in the Near Future? | 283 |
The Double Transformation of Big Cities with Large Minority Populations | 284 |
The Role of Political Forces in the Transformation | 286 |
Possible Remedies for the Adverse Effects | 287 |
Some Realistic Conclusions | 289 |
Future Strategies That Might Benefit BigCity Minorities | 291 |
Conclusions | 293 |
295 | |