The New Urban RealityPaul E. Peterson Brookings Institution Press, 07/06/2001 - 301 من الصفحات America's inner cities, particularly those in older industrial metropolitan areas, have declined sharply in both population and employment over the past two decades. How much of this change is due to technological advances in transportation, communication, and manufacturing? How much of it is due to the changing racial composition of the central cities? Can any set of public policies retard or reverse the decline of the industrial cities? This book presents an interdisciplinary collection of papers addressing these questions. In the introduction, editor Paul E. Peterson discusses the ways in which adverse economic and racial changes interact and urges more realistic federal policies to counteract these changes. In Part 1, "The Processes of Urban Growth and Decline," sociologist John D. Kasarda analyzes the growing mismatch between inner-city jobs and residents, and geographer Brian J. L. Berry discusses the economics of inner-city gentrification. Racial change is the subject of Part II: sociologist Elijah Anderson depicts race relations in a gentrifying inner-city neighborhood; sociologist William J. Wilson delineates the social and economic problems of inner-city blacks; and political scientist Gary Orfield calls for bold efforts to reverse the continuing urban pattern of racial segregation. Part III looks at the way cities have responded to economic and racial change. Economist Kenneth A. Small discusses the impact of transportation policy; political scientist Herbert Jacob finds that increasing efforts to control urban crime have not been effective; and sociologist Terry Nichols Clark emphasizes the effect of political factors on the fiscal condition of cities. Economist Anthony Downs, reviewing the issues raised by the other authors, sees little hope for racial integration as the central social strategy for solving urban problems, but does see hope in the internal resources of America's minority communities. |
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... Segregation 174 Policy Responses to Racial Change 181 Successful Racial Change 184 The Policy Choice 189 PART THREE : THE POLICY RESPONSE Kenneth A. Small Transportation and Urban Change Trends Affecting Urban Development 199 ...
... segregated social and political context within which black families find themselves is then presented in bleak detail in Gary Orfield's case study of Chicago . The final set of essays examines some of the policy responses that have been ...
... segregation in Chicago graphically demonstrates , blacks and whites usually concentrate separately in large bands or sectors of the city , producing vast territories of segregated living . I have already mentioned the fact that ...
... segregated in 1970 as it had been in 1960.16 A more recent study of Chicago that used 1980 census information found ... Segregation for 109 Cities in the United States , 1940 to 1970 , " Sociological Focus , vol . 8 ( April 1975 ) , pp ...
... segregation of neighborhood associations and informal meeting places is virtually complete ; and one hears frequent , if semiprivate , expression of racial slurs . Under these circumstances , streets are abandoned after day- light hours ...
المحتوى
and Minority Opportunities | 33 |
The Evolving Structure and Functions of Americas Cities | 36 |
Effects on Job Opportunities | 43 |
Changing Demographic Compositions | 51 |
Consequences of Minority Confinement | 56 |
Targeting Anchoring and Demographic Disequilibria | 61 |
Spatial Inequities and Equality of Opportunity | 62 |
New Urban Policies for New Urban Realities | 63 |
Successful Racial Change | 184 |
The Policy Choice | 189 |
Transportation and Urban Change | 197 |
Trends Affecting Urban Development | 199 |
Determinants of Urban Travel Behavior | 204 |
Effects of Transportation on Urban Development | 207 |
Past and Present Policies | 214 |
Future Policies | 217 |
Helping Those Caught in the Web of Change | 65 |
Islands of Renewal in Seas of Decay | 69 |
Studies of Revitalization | 71 |
The Gentrification Hypothesis | 83 |
A New Interpretation | 88 |
Conclusions | 95 |
Race and Neighborhood Transition | 99 |
A Community in Transition | 101 |
Sharing the Public Space | 108 |
Conclusion | 125 |
The Urban Underclass in Advanced Industrial Society | 129 |
The Tangle of Pathology in the Inner City | 133 |
Toward a Comprehensive Explanation | 141 |
Conclusion | 159 |
Ghettoization and Its Alternatives | 161 |
Ghettoization and Suburbanization | 162 |
Chicagos History of Racial Change | 164 |
Consequences of Segregation | 174 |
Policy Responses to Racial Change | 181 |
Conclusion | 222 |
Policy Responses to Crime | 225 |
Crime and Response in American Cities | 226 |
Linkages | 244 |
Conclusion | 249 |
How Different Are Snow Belt and Sun Belt Cities? | 253 |
Modeling Fiscal Policymaking | 263 |
A Model to Test the Factors Affecting Urban Fiscal Policy | 265 |
Summary and Conclusion | 278 |
The Future of Industrial Cities | 281 |
Is Severe Decline Reversible in the Near Future? | 283 |
The Double Transformation of Big Cities with Large Minority Populations | 284 |
The Role of Political Forces in the Transformation | 286 |
Possible Remedies for the Adverse Effects | 287 |
Some Realistic Conclusions | 289 |
Future Strategies That Might Benefit BigCity Minorities | 291 |
Conclusions | 293 |
295 | |