Harnessing Complexity: Organizational Implications of a Scientific FrontierSimon and Schuster, 12/05/2000 - 208 من الصفحات Recent advances in the study of complexity have given scientists profound new insights into how natural innovation occurs and how its power can be exploited. Now two pioneers in the field, Robert Axelrod and Michael D. Cohen, provide leaders in business and government with a guide to complexity that will help them make effective decisions in a world of rapid change. Building on evolutionary biology, computer science, and social design, Axelrod and Cohen have constructed a unique framework for improving the way people work together. Their approach to management is based on the concept of the Complex Adaptive System, which can describe everything from rain forests to the human gene pool, and from automated software agents to multinational companies. The authors' framework reveals three qualities that all kinds of managers must cultivate in their organization:
This simple, paradigm-shifting analysis of how people work together will transform the way we think about getting things done in a group. Harnessing Complexity is the essential guide to creating wealth, power, and knowledge in the 21st century. |
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الصفحة xv
... improvement over time . We are often asked how " complexity " differs from " chaos . " The simple answer is that chaos deals with situations such as turbulence ( Gleick , 1987 ) that rapidly become highly disordered and unman- ageable ...
... improvement over time . We are often asked how " complexity " differs from " chaos . " The simple answer is that chaos deals with situations such as turbulence ( Gleick , 1987 ) that rapidly become highly disordered and unman- ageable ...
الصفحة 5
... improvement , and as a part of your environment . For example , if you are a business manager , you can learn from the рор- ulation of managers who face similar problems , you can spread what is learned to a population of co - workers ...
... improvement , and as a part of your environment . For example , if you are a business manager , you can learn from the рор- ulation of managers who face similar problems , you can spread what is learned to a population of co - workers ...
الصفحة 7
... improvement according to some measure of success , we will call it adaptation . Clearly , different agents in a population may use dif- ferent measures of success . So changes that are adaptations for some may not be for others . When a ...
... improvement according to some measure of success , we will call it adaptation . Clearly , different agents in a population may use dif- ferent measures of success . So changes that are adaptations for some may not be for others . When a ...
الصفحة 8
... improvement efforts in the first company. This can lead to perpetual novelty for both sides. The system may never settle down. The impoverished woman seeking a loan is also in a Complex Adaptive System consisting of many others ...
... improvement efforts in the first company. This can lead to perpetual novelty for both sides. The system may never settle down. The impoverished woman seeking a loan is also in a Complex Adaptive System consisting of many others ...
الصفحة 18
... use the phrase Complex Adaptive System , we leave open the question of whether the agents or population actually achieves improved perfor- Introduction 19 mance. If we are designing interventions, improvement on 18 HARNESSING COMPLEXITY.
... use the phrase Complex Adaptive System , we leave open the question of whether the agents or population actually achieves improved perfor- Introduction 19 mance. If we are designing interventions, improvement on 18 HARNESSING COMPLEXITY.
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actions activation agents or strategies approach artifacts attributing credit attribution of credit barriers biological Carl Simon chapter Cohen Complex Adaptive Systems complex systems complexity research conceptual space consequences context cooperation copying costs create criteria dynamics economic effective elements example exploitation exploration factors failures forkball framework genetic genetic algorithm Grameen banking HARNESSING COMPLEXITY ideas imitation important improvement increase Information Revolution interaction patterns interventions kind learning Linux measures of success mechanisms ment military natural selection neighborhood networks open source operating system organizational organizations patterns of interaction performance measures physical space policy makers populations of agents possible prediction problem processes proximity random recombining result Riolo risk Robert Axelrod selection self-organized criticality signal simulation situations social capital social systems spread structure tags teraction tion Tit for Tat tive trade-off types University Press users variation variety virus
مقاطع مشهورة
الصفحة 65 - These communities did not become civic simply because they were rich. The historical record strongly suggests precisely the opposite: they have become rich because they were civic. The social capital embodied in norms and networks of civic engagement seems to be a
الصفحة 65 - First, networks of civic engagement foster sturdy norms of generalized reciprocity: I'll do this for you now in the expectation that down the road you or someone else will return the favor.
الصفحة 64 - social capital," the features of social organization, such as networks, norms, and trust, that facilitate coordination and cooperation.
الصفحة 64 - are engaged by public issues, not by patronage. They trust one another to act fairly and obey the law. Social and political networks are organized horizontally, not hierarchically. These "civic communities" value solidarity, civic participation, and integrity.
الصفحة 26 - among their elements. This, of course, is exactly what the Information Revolution is doing: reducing the barriers to interaction among processes that were previously isolated from each other in time or space. Information can be understood as a mediator of interaction. Decreasing the costs of its propagation and storage inherently increases possibilities for interaction effects. An Information Revolution is therefore likely to beget a complexity revolution.
الصفحة 7 - a system is complex when there are strong interactions among its elements, so that current events heavily influence the probabilities of many kinds of later events.
الصفحة 15 - complexity" does not simply denote "many moving parts." Instead, complexity indicates that the system consists of parts which interact in ways that heavily influence the probabilities of later events.
الصفحة 26 - If complexity is often rooted in patterns of interaction among agents, then we might expect systems to exhibit increasingly complex dynamics when changes occur that intensify
الصفحة 65 - levels of economic and institutional performance generally much higher than in the South, where social and political
الصفحة 14 - What makes prediction especially difficult in these settings is that the forces shaping the future do not add up in a simple, systemwide manner. Instead, their effects include nonlinear interactions among the components of the