Time at Emar: The Cultic Calendar and the Rituals from the Diviner's ArchiveEisenbrauns, 2000 - 352 من الصفحات The recent large-scale watershed projects in northern Syria, where the ancient city of Emar was located, have brought this area to light, thanks to salvage operation excavations before the area was submerged. Excavations at Meskeneh-Qadimeh on the great bend of the Euphrates River revealed this large town, which had been built in the late 14th century and then destroyed violently at the beginning of the 12th, at the end of the Bronze Age. In the town of Emar, ritual tablets were discovered in a temple that are demonstrated to have been recorded by the supervisor of the local cult, who was called the "diviner." This religious leader also operated a significant writing center, which focused on both administering local ritual and fostering competence in Mesopotamian lore. An archaic local calendar can be distinguished from other calendars in use at Emar, both foreign and local. A second, overlapping calendar emanated from the palace and represented a rising political force in some tension with rooted local institutions. The archaic local calendar can be partially reconstructed from one ritual text that outlines the rites performed during a period of six months. The main public rite of Emar's religious calendar was the zukru festival. This event was celebrated in a simplified annual ritual and in a more elaborate version of the ritual for seven days during every seventh year, probably serving as a pledge of loyalty to the chief god, Dagan. The Emar ritual calendar was native, in spite of various levels of outside influence, and thus offers important evidence for ancient Syrian culture. These texts are thus important for ancient Near Eastern cultic and ritual studies. Fleming's comprehensive study lays the basic groundwork for all future study of the ritual and makes a major contribution to the study of ancient Syria. |
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... appear elsewhere . For early presen- tations , see Daniel Arnaud , “ Traditions urbaines et influences semi - nomades à ... appears in the back of D. Fleming , The Installation of Baal's High Priestess at Emar ( Atlanta : Scholars Press ...
... appears repeatedly . The organizing principle of the text is the calendar . More than half of the tablet deals with the full moon of a “ first month , ” and the reverse is completed with five named months , apparently in sequence ( I ...
... appear to be related to calendar events , and month names show up occasionally in administrative and legal documents ... appears in two separate versions , and only the shorter annual zukru is found in multiple copies . This festival was ...
... appears that one major text spans the six months of autumn and winter, when the rains come and go. This starting point suggests a possible anchor for the other principal texts in fixed seasons, but I cannot prove that the activities of ...
... appears to serve a domain outside of direct royal ad- ministration . Emar's largest archive reflects activities with some claim to repre- sent the entire city but they also remain separate from the palace . This rare perspective makes ...