the people literally gnawed their tongues for pain, in a wide spread degree.

Sixth Vial. Battle of Waterloo.-1. "And the sixth angel poured out his vial upon the great river Euphrates, and the water thereof was dried up, that the way of the kings of the east might be prepared." 1. A flowing river is a nation in motion. Now, as the river Euphrates was the ancient river of Babylon, so this nation must bear a similar relation to the great Babylon, or Europe. At this era, the French was the great moving nation of Europe, and the cause of all its curses; and, to check their career, would be to dry up the great river Euphrates. This drying up of the Euphrates, coincides with the battle of Waterloo, by which the tide of war, in Europe, was checked, and was followed by a comparative peace, of thirty or more years. 2. This cessation of war was to allow the kings of the east to be prepared for the final battle of the world. Now, by this cessation of the French empire, the kingdoms of eastern Europe have grown into great power; but especially has Russia gathered the eastern kingdoms under its wings, and will gather more and more until the war.

2. "And I saw three unclean spirits, like frogs, come out of the mouth of the beast, and out of the mouth of the dragon, and out of the mouth of the false prophet.” A spirit, we have seen, symbolizes a doctrine, and an unclean spirit symbolizes an un-Christian doctrine. A frog has no scriptural exposition among the prophets, except that of a destroyer.-Psa. lxxviii. The ancients considered them inhabitants of the Stygian lake. The dragon represents the civil or monarchical power in Europe; the beast from the pit coincides with Russia; and the false prophet coincides with the fifth head of the dragon, or England. Now, the year following the battle

of Waterloo, the sovereigns of Europe agreed to the doctrines of the holy alliance. "The professed object of this triple alliance was to preserve the peace of Europe on the principles which God, in his revelation, has pointed out, as the source of tranquillity and prosperity. But the parties understood by these principles the maintenance of despotic power, and made their engagement a pretext for resisting the efforts made subsequently by several nations, to establish constitutional freedom." (Taylor's Hist.) The sovereigns of Russia, Prussia, and Austria, signed, at Paris, the league called the holy alliance. They declared in this their determination to make Christianity the basis of their actions, domestic and foreign. They asserted their divine right to govern "three branches of one and the same Christian nation." They invited England to become a party; the regent declined his signature, but expressed his APPROVAL.

Legitimacy, church supremacy, and the divine rights of kings, were the three horrid doctrines really taught by Britain, Russia, and European monarchy, after the war with France. England spent $100,000,000 to establish these three principles in the war with France; and yet England talks of being the bulwark of freedom, while she has been to the world the bulwark of hell; she holds these doctrines now in full, and will fight to uphold the most degraded despotism on earth.

3. "For they are the spirits of devils, working miracles, which go forth unto the kings of the earth, and of the whole world, to gather them to the battle of that great day of God Almighty." These doctrines have been proclaimed to monarchs as the true basis of their thrones, and they are now ready to sustain them by the sword against the rights of men; and, undoubtedly, will ultimate in a confederacy of monarchs in Europe, for a

common cause and a common danger will drive them together. That battle of the great day is the one predicted at the beginning of time, and is now near at hand. 4. "Behold, I come as a thief. Blessed is he that keepeth his garments, lest he walk naked, and they see his shame." This, doubtless, is a figure of speech, referring to the coming of a people of Christ, that should break this grand coalition to atoms. The United States, as a legitimate child of God, has never been recognized by the Europeans; it is stealing upon them as a thief. The passage can not refer to the second advent literally.

5. "And he gathered them into a place, called, in the Hebrew tongue, Armageddon." The three spirits are here represented as one power, which shows a consolidation of the beast, dragon, and prophet. Armageddon, or plain of Esdrelon, or valley of Jezreel, was the greatest plain in the Holy Land, and where many great battles were fought. As the term is here used metaphorically, it must represent a great place in the land of Christ's Israel, which coincides with the literal term. Now, as the European power was to perish between the seas, this battle-field seems to coincide with the valley of the Mississippi. This battle, it is plain, was not fought in this vial era, but the preparations, and calculations, and initiatory preliminaries, had been taken, that were soon to result in it; and that, too, rather unexpectedly.

Seventh Vial. Overthrow of the Western Church. The Great Battles. Third Woe.-This era will close the warfare of the world, and work its great release. We are now within its limits, and shall soon hear the clang of Michael's trumpet, that shall fill the earth with trouble, such as was never dreamed of here below. Great God! prepare us against the deadly tide of woe that must roll over us soon, and deluge the globe with blood.

1. "And the seventh angel poured his vial into the air.” The air symbolizes the whole political firmament of Rome, or the whole region of Satan's political rule in the old empire in Europe; hitherto, the disturbances had rather been local, but now they were to be general.

2. "And there came a great voice out of the temple of heaven, from the throne, saying, It is done;" that is, the last curse of God on men has begun, and will soon close the drama of the strife for freedom.

3. "And there were voices, and thunders, and lightnings." These are the symbols of a coming political

storm.

4. "And there was a great earthquake, such as was not since men were upon earth; so mighty an earthquake, and so great; and the great city was divided into three parts; " or, more literally, (according to Griesbach,) "was affected in three parts;" that is, three great parts were prominently affected by the shock. Now, if we look to the political earthquake in Europe, in 1848, we find it the greatest period of insurrection ever known upon earth; and, also, that Europe, or the great city, was mostly affected in three great parts, the German empire, France, and Italy, by these insurrections. The coincidence is remarkably accurate.

5. "And the cities of the nations fell." It is also remarkable that, in 1848, the cities were universally overthrown; and the cities, generally, took the lead in the great uprising and overthrowing. As the shock of a natural earthquake soon passes away, so this political one ceased, and only its traces of destruction are visible, for the natural order of things has been resumed.

6. "And great Babylon came into remembrance before God, to give unto her the cup of the wine of the fierceness of his wrath." By comparing this last vial

period of this panorama with the events of the first panorama, we shall see that the gospel angel filled an era from the rise of our country to the fall of Babylon; and, by consequence, the angels and events which follow him, all coincide with the era of the seventh vial, beginning with the fall of Babylon. Babylon is the state church in Europe, of which the papal power is the head. This whole power is now to be overthrown with terrible slaughter. "And every island fled away, and the mountains were not found; " that is, all the state church institutions are to be overturned; not a parish, nor a bishoprick is to remain; all of its glory is to perish.

7. "And there fell upon men a great hail out of heaven;" that is, a terrible destruction by war fell upon the minions of Babylon, the officers and establishments of the church. CC Every stone about the weight of a talent." Nothing can intimate a speedier and more complete overthrow than this. Hail like this, falling thick as rain-drops, would, in ten minutes, demolish all creation. “And men blasphemed God, because of the plague of the hail; for the plague was exceeding great." The term men symbolizes a collective body; and here it represents the people of Babylon who were not involved in the immediate destruction. At this annunciation the prophet receives a full description of the two great powers which are to be overthrown, and also of their destroyers.

To these we shall now turn. We must, however, enumerate the great occurrences belonging especially to this vial. It begins with the earthquake, or insurrections of 1848, and then discloses the fall of Babylon, or the western state church; and then the conquest of Europe and Britain by the United States. The fall of Babylon, in the first panorama, coincides with its