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throne of Egypt, so did the Christians find repose from the attack and destruction of their foes by a union with the throne of spiritual Egypt.

As the climate and soil of Egypt, together with its bondage, served to produce finally a numerous and hardy race of people, so the country of Europe especially was favorable soil for the growth of Christianity, and the hard bondage of spiritual Egypt served but to mold into the noblest form the souls of the advocates of liberty and true religion. As the customs of the Hebrews were an abomination to the Egyptians, so the religious rites and customs of the faithful and spiritual circumcision were, and still are, an abomination to spiritual Sodom. As common suffering in Egypt produced a common sympathy, and cemented the common brotherhood into a resolve to unite to sustain a common cause, so mon lot as sufferers led the faithful to sympathize with each other, and to coalesce in union to sustain common liberty and independence.

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Freedom is but a common body, as truly as true religion; if you strike one member, all of the others sympathize with it. Let the cry of the oppressed in any portion of the old world reach America, and every one of its millions of nerves are agitated, and all its pulses beat with excitement and indignation.

As the climax of the sufferings of the Hebrews rallied them around their leader for deliverance, so the climax of oppression on the American colonies instantly united them by elective and electric affinity. It was then that separate and independent provinces were melted like ingots of gold into a state of common fusion, or were welded like bars of steel by the fire and the

hammer of despotism. And as the pride of Pharaoh wrought unwittingly the release of Israel, so the pride of monarchy brought out the stars of the great western constellation into the heavens of liberty.

As Israel entered a wilderness to stand its probation under a new constitution, so the advocates of civil and religious freedom entered the American wilderness to try the fortunes of a great republic. As Israel elected God for its King, so did America; as Israel was prepared to conquer Canaan by its discipline, and to maintain a great republic, so the United States in the wilderness is preparing to dash the great image of aristocracy to atoms, and to establish the Millennium. As Israel had its judges or shaphetim, or chief magistrates, nominated by God and allowed by the people, so the people of our country choose their own executives.

As many people in the American colonies were not pious, and yet approved of the liberty taught by Christianity, so many of the Hebrews were unbelieving in the religion of Moses, and yet approved and contended for the justness of constitutional liberty. Those who imagine that anti-typical Israel was to be composed of pure and holy men altogether, are greatly mistaken. On this principle, the Hebrew church, as a type, would have required that every member of the anti-typical or Christian church should have been holy. As the church of anti-typical Israel possessed true doctrine, though many who belonged to it were and are impure, so the commonwealth of anti-typical Israel possess the true doctrines of human government, though many who enjoy its benefits are not true Christians. In the end of time, the angels shall gather out of the government of

anti-typical Israel, or "out of the kingdom, all things that offend, and them that do iniquity.”

The growth of freedom, spiritual and civil, is necessarily gradual, as is the growth of an oak from an acorn. Men generally over the world, in past ages, and two thirds of them in the present age, have been, and are, as unfit for republicanism as the wicked are for heaven. It is a received maxim, that "the best form of government for any people, is the best that its present moral and social condition renders practicable." A democracy can not exist without a high state of morals and intelligence blended together; we repeat it, they must both exist. together. Their general attainment, at the greatest speed, must be comparatively slow. The general prevalence of democracy over the whole earth, will, therefore, be gradual, and will be attended in its march with the total extinction of some inferior races, as for instance, the Mexicans, and islanders of the Pacific. Europe is in a better state to receive republicanism than Asia or Africa, and yet Europe is far below the standard of the requirements of the case. Morality and intelligence are there retarded by the union of church and state, or by civil and spiritual monarchy. These barriers must be broken before Europe can move another step toward republicanism. It must be fused by the melting bolts of universal revolution, and its dross be thrown off like the cinders of a blast furnace, before it can hope for much. It must then have a great leading power, in whom it can repose confidence, as a guide to republican exaltation. No guide in such a case can be safe, but one who has tried the experiment on a grand and successful scale. America, therefore, is the natural hope of European

freedom. It may seem like jesting now to speak as we do of our thrashing European monarchy to atoms, but in twenty-five years it will be a past reality.

The change of republicanism at last into monarchy, under Christ, is a theme we reserve for another place.

SECTION III.

COLLATERAL TYPES.

In the Hebrew system are several collateral types or symbols worthy of attentive consideration.

Among these we may mention specially, the dual types of Hagar and Ishmael, Sarah and Isaac, Moses and Aaron, or the Hebrew church and state, and civil and religious governments of Canaan, and the two pillars of the temple, Joachim and Boaz.

1. Hagar and Ishmael. These were typical of the serpent and his seed, or of the religious and civil power of Satan. "For it is written, Abraham had two sons; the one by a bondmaid, and the other by a free woman. He who was of the bondwoman was born after the flesh; but he of the free woman was by promise. Which things are an allegory; for these are the two covenants; the one from Mt. Sinai, which gendereth to bondage, which is Agar. For this Agar is Mt. Sinai in Arabia, which answereth to Jerusalem, which now is, and is in bondage with her children. Now we brethren, as Isaac was, are the children of promise. As then, he that was born after the flesh persecuted him that was born after the spirit, even so it is now.”

Here the free and the bondwoman are said to figure the two covenants, or the religion of dead works, or of Satan, and the religion of faith in Christ.

The two sons of these women, also, are said to be figures; and of course are different in signification from the women. If we now look at the original affirmation of God to the serpent, we find that Sarah and Isaac coincide with "the woman and her seed," and that Hagar and Ishmael coincide with the serpent and his seed, and, by consequence, they severally represent the two departments of the kingdom of God, and the two departments of the kingdom of Satan.

2. We see again the two departments of the kingdom of God represented by Moses and Aaron, who were the respective heads of the two departments of the commonwealth of Israel. As the kingdom of Israel was really a kingdom of God, and as it was typical of the final kingdom of Israel, its two departments must have their respective parallels in the coming kingdom, otherwise the type would be an imperfect one, which would be an unanswerable supposition.

3. The two pillars of the porch of Solomon's temple were typical, for all the parts of the temple were so, and as there is nothing with which they coincide except the dual law and dual government of God, it follows that they represented these. Indeed, the duality of such a multitude of symbols, in the scripture, all referring to the plan of salvation, is an insuperable argument from analogy to prove that God intended prominently to present the dual character of his kingdom.

4. The bondage of the Hamitic race in the family of Abraham, and the Hebrew commonwealth, were alike

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