Rural Finance for Food Security for the Poor: Implications for Research and PolicyInternational Food Policy Research Institute, 1997 - 139 من الصفحات A broader role for rural finance for food security. The saving and borrowing behavior of the food-insecure poor. Innovative rural finance for the poor: a food security perspective. Conclusions for research and policy. |
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الصفحة 78
... participation is not random , selection bias is likely to result if evaluation is simply based on the difference in outcomes of participants compared with nonparticipants . To take Heckman and Smith's ( 1995 , 88 ) example : If persons ...
... participation is not random , selection bias is likely to result if evaluation is simply based on the difference in outcomes of participants compared with nonparticipants . To take Heckman and Smith's ( 1995 , 88 ) example : If persons ...
الصفحة 79
... participants . Heckman and Smith ( 1995 ) provide a critical review of the experi- mental approach : it can , in principle , eliminate the selection bias , but it seldom gives information on the distributional consequences of the ...
... participants . Heckman and Smith ( 1995 ) provide a critical review of the experi- mental approach : it can , in principle , eliminate the selection bias , but it seldom gives information on the distributional consequences of the ...
الصفحة 81
... participants trust — one that emphasizes the long - term viability and integrity of the institution . To gain trust , simple rules that allow participants to understand the banking process and to have partial control over terms and ...
... participants trust — one that emphasizes the long - term viability and integrity of the institution . To gain trust , simple rules that allow participants to understand the banking process and to have partial control over terms and ...
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access to credit access to financial allocation Bangladesh behavior Braun Cameroon collateral consumption credit consumption smoothing cooperative covariate risks credit and savings credit constraints credit groups credit limit credit markets credit programs d'Epargne default demand developing countries economic effects financial intermediaries financial market development financial sector financial services Food Policy Research food security formal credit formal sector framework funds Gambia Grameen Bank Heidhues household food security human capital IFAD income individual informal financial information asymmetry inputs institutional arrangements institutional innovation insurance services interest rates International Food Policy intertemporal labor lenders liquidity loans macroeconomic Madagascar Malawi member-based institutions ment moral hazard Mudzi nutritional percent Pischke Policy Research Institute poor households potential precautionary savings production repayment rural financial institutions rural financial markets rural households rural poor savers savings and credit Schrieder self-help groups social strategies sumption sustainability tercile tion transaction costs transitory food insecurity village banks World Bank Zeller