Measuring Innovation in OECD and Non-OECD Countries: Selected Seminar PapersWilliam Blankley HSRC Press, 2006 - 330 من الصفحات It is widely accepted that innovation is key to economic growth. Countries where research and innovation are high on the national agenda are best suited to prosper in the knowledge-based economy. Conversely, countries whose economies are mainly dependent on natural resources and basic industries tend to lack competitiveness and flexibility in adapting to changing global trends. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has long been concerned with the measurement of research and experimental development (R&D) and innovation activities. Under apartheid rule South Africa was barred from participating in OECD activities. Shortly after the advent of democracy in South Africa in 1994 the then Department of Arts, Culture, Science and Technology (now the Department of Science and Technology) initiated the process of applying for observer status on the OECD Committee for Scientific and Technological Policy. South Africa gained observer status in 1998. In March 2001, the Department and the OECD jointly hosted an international seminar in Pretoria on the measurement of innovation activities in OECD and non-OECD countries. This book is a collection of selected papers that were presented at the seminar by leading international and South African experts in innovation measurement. The chapters reflect various aspects of the measurement of innovation and how these measurements are applied in different countries. The volume contributes to the debate that exists between developing and developed countries on their approaches to the measurement of innovation. |
من داخل الكتاب
النتائج 1-5 من 49
الصفحة 4
... inputs , innovation and economic growth underlying current innovation surveys , an assumption that is generally both theoretically and empirically unfounded . The general contribution of these papers is the insight into the myriad ...
... inputs , innovation and economic growth underlying current innovation surveys , an assumption that is generally both theoretically and empirically unfounded . The general contribution of these papers is the insight into the myriad ...
الصفحة 15
... inputs by different technologies directly affects the bargaining power and policy of organised labour . The particular bias of a NIS , towards greater or lesser dependency on broad - based human capital , is therefore instrumental in ...
... inputs by different technologies directly affects the bargaining power and policy of organised labour . The particular bias of a NIS , towards greater or lesser dependency on broad - based human capital , is therefore instrumental in ...
الصفحة 21
... inputs and outputs and aspects of innovation climates , rather than inner components and interactions of innovation systems . Moreover , they make use of categories and concepts designed for the developed world , and benchmark ...
... inputs and outputs and aspects of innovation climates , rather than inner components and interactions of innovation systems . Moreover , they make use of categories and concepts designed for the developed world , and benchmark ...
الصفحة 22
... inputs . Another important channel is technology imports and licences , as measured by the number of licences and amounts of royalty payments . However , the participation of developing countries in the world technology exchange remains ...
... inputs . Another important channel is technology imports and licences , as measured by the number of licences and amounts of royalty payments . However , the participation of developing countries in the world technology exchange remains ...
الصفحة 28
... input and output variables - that the gap between the developed and the developing world is the largest . Innovation , in fact , appears to be the most demanding part of economic development , as well as being the most important driving ...
... input and output variables - that the gap between the developed and the developing world is the largest . Innovation , in fact , appears to be the most demanding part of economic development , as well as being the most important driving ...
عبارات ومصطلحات مألوفة
Africa analysis Argentina assessment Bogotá Central and Eastern Colombia companies comparability competitive context creativity developing countries economic effort employees engineering enterprises European Eurostat exports external factors Figure Frascati Manual Global Competitiveness Report growth identify impact important improved industry innovation data innovation expenditure innovation finance innovation indicators innovation process innovation survey data innovation surveys innovation systems innovative activities innovative firms inputs institutions interaction investment issues knowledge Latin American surveys linkages linked manufacturing sector measure n/a n/a n/a National Innovation Systems networks non-innovators OECD organisations Oslo Manual output patents percentage policy-makers problems questionnaire questions R&D expenditure Redelinghuys region relationship response role sample service sector Shaanxi share of innovative sources South African specific statistical strategies system of innovation Tanzania technical technological change technological innovation Technology Top 100 turnover variables Venezuela venture capital