Measuring Innovation in OECD and Non-OECD Countries: Selected Seminar PapersWilliam Blankley HSRC Press, 2006 - 330 من الصفحات It is widely accepted that innovation is key to economic growth. Countries where research and innovation are high on the national agenda are best suited to prosper in the knowledge-based economy. Conversely, countries whose economies are mainly dependent on natural resources and basic industries tend to lack competitiveness and flexibility in adapting to changing global trends. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has long been concerned with the measurement of research and experimental development (R&D) and innovation activities. Under apartheid rule South Africa was barred from participating in OECD activities. Shortly after the advent of democracy in South Africa in 1994 the then Department of Arts, Culture, Science and Technology (now the Department of Science and Technology) initiated the process of applying for observer status on the OECD Committee for Scientific and Technological Policy. South Africa gained observer status in 1998. In March 2001, the Department and the OECD jointly hosted an international seminar in Pretoria on the measurement of innovation activities in OECD and non-OECD countries. This book is a collection of selected papers that were presented at the seminar by leading international and South African experts in innovation measurement. The chapters reflect various aspects of the measurement of innovation and how these measurements are applied in different countries. The volume contributes to the debate that exists between developing and developed countries on their approaches to the measurement of innovation. |
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الصفحة 10
... institutional relationships that constitute and determine the context within which a nation's ' stock ' of technological capabilities , and the consequent nodes of core competencies , are shaped . As far as the current analysis of ...
... institutional relationships that constitute and determine the context within which a nation's ' stock ' of technological capabilities , and the consequent nodes of core competencies , are shaped . As far as the current analysis of ...
الصفحة 11
... institutional web that is assumed to be partially idiosyncratic to specific nation states , and the type of innovation capacity that is built up within a specific system . The relevance of the nation state The pinning of the innovation ...
... institutional web that is assumed to be partially idiosyncratic to specific nation states , and the type of innovation capacity that is built up within a specific system . The relevance of the nation state The pinning of the innovation ...
الصفحة 12
... institutions whose interactions determine the innovative performance ... a set of institutional aspects that , together , plays the major role in influencing inno- vative performance . Nelson accepts that the broadness of the definition ...
... institutions whose interactions determine the innovative performance ... a set of institutional aspects that , together , plays the major role in influencing inno- vative performance . Nelson accepts that the broadness of the definition ...
الصفحة 13
... institutions and the consequent enlargement of spaces of possible non - prescribed behaviour . Technology is , as Neale ( 1987 ) argues , intertwined with institutions , and technological change consequently poses both one of the main ...
... institutions and the consequent enlargement of spaces of possible non - prescribed behaviour . Technology is , as Neale ( 1987 ) argues , intertwined with institutions , and technological change consequently poses both one of the main ...
الصفحة 14
... institutions ( North 1981 ; North & Wallis 1994 ) and to the relationship between technological and institutional change . In this sense , the costs of altering development paths are linked to institutional inertia , which , in turn ...
... institutions ( North 1981 ; North & Wallis 1994 ) and to the relationship between technological and institutional change . In this sense , the costs of altering development paths are linked to institutional inertia , which , in turn ...
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Africa analysis Argentina assessment Bogotá Central and Eastern Colombia companies comparability competitive context creativity developing countries economic effort employees engineering enterprises European Eurostat exports external factors Figure Frascati Manual Global Competitiveness Report growth identify impact important improved industry innovation data innovation expenditure innovation finance innovation indicators innovation process innovation survey data innovation surveys innovation systems innovative activities innovative firms inputs institutions interaction investment issues knowledge Latin American surveys linkages linked manufacturing sector measure n/a n/a n/a National Innovation Systems networks non-innovators OECD organisations Oslo Manual output patents percentage policy-makers problems questionnaire questions R&D expenditure Redelinghuys region relationship response role sample service sector Shaanxi share of innovative sources South African specific statistical strategies system of innovation Tanzania technical technological change technological innovation Technology Top 100 turnover variables Venezuela venture capital