Measuring Innovation in OECD and Non-OECD Countries: Selected Seminar PapersWilliam Blankley HSRC Press, 2006 - 330 من الصفحات It is widely accepted that innovation is key to economic growth. Countries where research and innovation are high on the national agenda are best suited to prosper in the knowledge-based economy. Conversely, countries whose economies are mainly dependent on natural resources and basic industries tend to lack competitiveness and flexibility in adapting to changing global trends. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has long been concerned with the measurement of research and experimental development (R&D) and innovation activities. Under apartheid rule South Africa was barred from participating in OECD activities. Shortly after the advent of democracy in South Africa in 1994 the then Department of Arts, Culture, Science and Technology (now the Department of Science and Technology) initiated the process of applying for observer status on the OECD Committee for Scientific and Technological Policy. South Africa gained observer status in 1998. In March 2001, the Department and the OECD jointly hosted an international seminar in Pretoria on the measurement of innovation activities in OECD and non-OECD countries. This book is a collection of selected papers that were presented at the seminar by leading international and South African experts in innovation measurement. The chapters reflect various aspects of the measurement of innovation and how these measurements are applied in different countries. The volume contributes to the debate that exists between developing and developed countries on their approaches to the measurement of innovation. |
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الصفحة 45
... responses have evolved considerably . Now that this field is starting to mature , it may therefore be a good time to take stock of the experiences gained so far in using innovation measures to inform policy decisions . This paper argues ...
... responses have evolved considerably . Now that this field is starting to mature , it may therefore be a good time to take stock of the experiences gained so far in using innovation measures to inform policy decisions . This paper argues ...
الصفحة 52
... response to the improved understanding of innovation gained from these efforts , research and innovation policies have evolved considerably . It may therefore be opportune to take stock of what has been learnt with regard to policy ...
... response to the improved understanding of innovation gained from these efforts , research and innovation policies have evolved considerably . It may therefore be opportune to take stock of what has been learnt with regard to policy ...
الصفحة 78
... response would probably have been experienced . Audit results The results of an innovation audit carried out in the R & D section of a South African corporate are shown in Figure 5.3 . The beacons highlighted in black represent areas in ...
... response would probably have been experienced . Audit results The results of an innovation audit carried out in the R & D section of a South African corporate are shown in Figure 5.3 . The beacons highlighted in black represent areas in ...
الصفحة 81
... response rate of more than 90 % was achieved in our study ) , and in the majority of cases respondents admitted that they would not have completed a mailed questionnaire . Length of the questionnaire . For obvious reasons , the ...
... response rate of more than 90 % was achieved in our study ) , and in the majority of cases respondents admitted that they would not have completed a mailed questionnaire . Length of the questionnaire . For obvious reasons , the ...
الصفحة 98
... response rates achieved as a result of the collection process . The response rates range from less than 30 % to more than 80 % . In many countries , the profiles of respondents and non - respondents differ . These differences make it ...
... response rates achieved as a result of the collection process . The response rates range from less than 30 % to more than 80 % . In many countries , the profiles of respondents and non - respondents differ . These differences make it ...
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Africa analysis Argentina assessment Bogotá Central and Eastern Colombia companies comparability competitive context creativity developing countries economic effort employees engineering enterprises European Eurostat exports external factors Figure Frascati Manual Global Competitiveness Report growth identify impact important improved industry innovation data innovation expenditure innovation finance innovation indicators innovation process innovation survey data innovation surveys innovation systems innovative activities innovative firms inputs institutions interaction investment issues knowledge Latin American surveys linkages linked manufacturing sector measure n/a n/a n/a National Innovation Systems networks non-innovators OECD organisations Oslo Manual output patents percentage policy-makers problems questionnaire questions R&D expenditure Redelinghuys region relationship response role sample service sector Shaanxi share of innovative sources South African specific statistical strategies system of innovation Tanzania technical technological change technological innovation Technology Top 100 turnover variables Venezuela venture capital