Measuring Innovation in OECD and Non-OECD Countries: Selected Seminar PapersWilliam Blankley HSRC Press, 2006 - 330 من الصفحات It is widely accepted that innovation is key to economic growth. Countries where research and innovation are high on the national agenda are best suited to prosper in the knowledge-based economy. Conversely, countries whose economies are mainly dependent on natural resources and basic industries tend to lack competitiveness and flexibility in adapting to changing global trends. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has long been concerned with the measurement of research and experimental development (R&D) and innovation activities. Under apartheid rule South Africa was barred from participating in OECD activities. Shortly after the advent of democracy in South Africa in 1994 the then Department of Arts, Culture, Science and Technology (now the Department of Science and Technology) initiated the process of applying for observer status on the OECD Committee for Scientific and Technological Policy. South Africa gained observer status in 1998. In March 2001, the Department and the OECD jointly hosted an international seminar in Pretoria on the measurement of innovation activities in OECD and non-OECD countries. This book is a collection of selected papers that were presented at the seminar by leading international and South African experts in innovation measurement. The chapters reflect various aspects of the measurement of innovation and how these measurements are applied in different countries. The volume contributes to the debate that exists between developing and developed countries on their approaches to the measurement of innovation. |
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الصفحة viii
... sample size for different degrees of precision for a population of 16 931 237 Stratum size , mean , standard deviation and variance 240 Sample size for SAIS 2001 242 Table 15.2 Table 15.3 Table 15.4 Table 16.1 Table 16.2 Provincial ...
... sample size for different degrees of precision for a population of 16 931 237 Stratum size , mean , standard deviation and variance 240 Sample size for SAIS 2001 242 Table 15.2 Table 15.3 Table 15.4 Table 16.1 Table 16.2 Provincial ...
الصفحة 22
... sample of typical members of each group . Table 2.1 Subcategories of developing countries by S & T capacity S & T lagging countries S & T proficient countries Brazil China India Hungary Mexico Singapore Slovenia South Africa S & T ...
... sample of typical members of each group . Table 2.1 Subcategories of developing countries by S & T capacity S & T lagging countries S & T proficient countries Brazil China India Hungary Mexico Singapore Slovenia South Africa S & T ...
الصفحة 34
... sample ( in this case 75 countries ) ; ( 2 ) all countries within a particular range of human development ( human development index greater than 0.85 ; HDI between 0.65 and 0.85 ; and HDI 34 Countries selected for the knowledge ...
... sample ( in this case 75 countries ) ; ( 2 ) all countries within a particular range of human development ( human development index greater than 0.85 ; HDI between 0.65 and 0.85 ; and HDI 34 Countries selected for the knowledge ...
الصفحة 45
... overview ) . This is not intended to be an exhaustive review , but rather an attempt to sketch out some first issues from a sample of papers in this area . Table 3.1 Some examples of the use of innovation survey 45 CHAPTER 3.
... overview ) . This is not intended to be an exhaustive review , but rather an attempt to sketch out some first issues from a sample of papers in this area . Table 3.1 Some examples of the use of innovation survey 45 CHAPTER 3.
الصفحة 46
... sampling frame . There are , however , limits to the depth of questioning on public policy that can take place through an innovation survey with broader aims . This view is partly supported by the findings of Pianta & Sirilli ( 1997 ) ...
... sampling frame . There are , however , limits to the depth of questioning on public policy that can take place through an innovation survey with broader aims . This view is partly supported by the findings of Pianta & Sirilli ( 1997 ) ...
عبارات ومصطلحات مألوفة
Africa analysis Argentina assessment Bogotá Central and Eastern Colombia companies comparability competitive context creativity developing countries economic effort employees engineering enterprises European Eurostat exports external factors Figure Frascati Manual Global Competitiveness Report growth identify impact important improved industry innovation data innovation expenditure innovation finance innovation indicators innovation process innovation survey data innovation surveys innovation systems innovative activities innovative firms inputs institutions interaction investment issues knowledge Latin American surveys linkages linked manufacturing sector measure n/a n/a n/a National Innovation Systems networks non-innovators OECD organisations Oslo Manual output patents percentage policy-makers problems questionnaire questions R&D expenditure Redelinghuys region relationship response role sample service sector Shaanxi share of innovative sources South African specific statistical strategies system of innovation Tanzania technical technological change technological innovation Technology Top 100 turnover variables Venezuela venture capital