Measuring Innovation in OECD and Non-OECD Countries: Selected Seminar PapersWilliam Blankley HSRC Press, 2006 - 330 من الصفحات It is widely accepted that innovation is key to economic growth. Countries where research and innovation are high on the national agenda are best suited to prosper in the knowledge-based economy. Conversely, countries whose economies are mainly dependent on natural resources and basic industries tend to lack competitiveness and flexibility in adapting to changing global trends. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has long been concerned with the measurement of research and experimental development (R&D) and innovation activities. Under apartheid rule South Africa was barred from participating in OECD activities. Shortly after the advent of democracy in South Africa in 1994 the then Department of Arts, Culture, Science and Technology (now the Department of Science and Technology) initiated the process of applying for observer status on the OECD Committee for Scientific and Technological Policy. South Africa gained observer status in 1998. In March 2001, the Department and the OECD jointly hosted an international seminar in Pretoria on the measurement of innovation activities in OECD and non-OECD countries. This book is a collection of selected papers that were presented at the seminar by leading international and South African experts in innovation measurement. The chapters reflect various aspects of the measurement of innovation and how these measurements are applied in different countries. The volume contributes to the debate that exists between developing and developed countries on their approaches to the measurement of innovation. |
من داخل الكتاب
النتائج 1-5 من 44
الصفحة vii
... Variables used in the ' standard ' 15 - variable scorecards 36 Other variables available in the knowledge assessment methodology exercise 36 Data for variables corresponding to innovation climate 40 Some examples of the use of ...
... Variables used in the ' standard ' 15 - variable scorecards 36 Other variables available in the knowledge assessment methodology exercise 36 Data for variables corresponding to innovation climate 40 Some examples of the use of ...
الصفحة viii
... variables ) 274 Internationalisation and production change 303 Firm growth , production technique changes and international trade 304 The lifelines of the Hungarian innovation feasibility survey ( service sector ) 312 Comparing the ...
... variables ) 274 Internationalisation and production change 303 Firm growth , production technique changes and international trade 304 The lifelines of the Hungarian innovation feasibility survey ( service sector ) 312 Comparing the ...
الصفحة x
... variable corresponding to innovation climate 24 Bar graph of the venture capital variable corresponding to ... variables selected 27 Figure 2.10 Innovation systems of selected large economies : Brazil , China , India 29 Total R ...
... variable corresponding to innovation climate 24 Bar graph of the venture capital variable corresponding to ... variables selected 27 Figure 2.10 Innovation systems of selected large economies : Brazil , China , India 29 Total R ...
الصفحة 15
... variable , is assumed to be determined by this objective . The concept of ' profit - maximisation ' is , however , operationally meaningless in the strategies of real corporations . In a context of limited knowledge and bounded ...
... variable , is assumed to be determined by this objective . The concept of ' profit - maximisation ' is , however , operationally meaningless in the strategies of real corporations . In a context of limited knowledge and bounded ...
الصفحة 23
... variables have been selected in this document to depict innovation climates in emerging and developing economies . These include : • · • Three variables directly related to the innovative dynamism : entrepreneurship , venture capital ...
... variables have been selected in this document to depict innovation climates in emerging and developing economies . These include : • · • Three variables directly related to the innovative dynamism : entrepreneurship , venture capital ...
عبارات ومصطلحات مألوفة
Africa analysis Argentina assessment Bogotá Central and Eastern Colombia companies comparability competitive context creativity developing countries economic effort employees engineering enterprises European Eurostat exports external factors Figure Frascati Manual Global Competitiveness Report growth identify impact important improved industry innovation data innovation expenditure innovation finance innovation indicators innovation process innovation survey data innovation surveys innovation systems innovative activities innovative firms inputs institutions interaction investment issues knowledge Latin American surveys linkages linked manufacturing sector measure n/a n/a n/a National Innovation Systems networks non-innovators OECD organisations Oslo Manual output patents percentage policy-makers problems questionnaire questions R&D expenditure Redelinghuys region relationship response role sample service sector Shaanxi share of innovative sources South African specific statistical strategies system of innovation Tanzania technical technological change technological innovation Technology Top 100 turnover variables Venezuela venture capital