Axial Civilizations And World HistoryJ©đhann P©Łll © rnason, S. Shmuel Noah Eisenstadt, Björn Wittrock BRILL, 2005 - 573 من الصفحات The overarching theme of the book is the historical meaning of the Axial Age, commonly defined as a period of several centuries around the middle of the last millennium BCE, and its cultural innovations. The civilizational patterns that grew out of this exceptionally creative phase are a particularly rewarding theme for comparative analysis. The book contains essays on cultural transformations in Ancient Greece, Ancient Israel, Iran, India and China, as well as background developments in the core civilizations of the Ancient Near East. An introductory section deals with the history of the debate on the AxialAge, the theoretical questions that have emerged from it, and the present state of the discussion. The book will be useful for comparative historians of cultures and religions, as well as for historical sociologists interested in the comparative analysis of civilizations. It should also help linking the fields of classical, biblical and Asian studies to broader interdisciplinary debates within the humanities sciences. |
المحتوى
Acknowledgements | 1 |
History Theory and Interpretation | 15 |
The Meaning of the Axial | 51 |
Palomars Questions The Axial Age Hypothesis European | 87 |
The Axial Age in | 107 |
Archaic Backgrounds and Axial Breakthroughs | 125 |
Axial Breakthroughs and Semantic Relocations | 133 |
Mesopotamian Vistas on Axial Transformations | 157 |
Clement | 295 |
On Mani and Manichaeism | 319 |
Arabia and The Heritage of the Axial | 337 |
Extending the Axial Model to South | 361 |
Axial Grammar | 369 |
Axialism and Empire | 397 |
Rethinking the Axial AgeThe Case of Chinese Culture | 451 |
A Brief Survey | 469 |
Indian and Iranian Connections | 183 |
Axial Transformations within Ancient Israelite Priesthood | 201 |
Heterodox Tendencies | 225 |
New Departures | 253 |
Late Antiquity as a Sequel and Counterpoint | 287 |
SeventeenthCentury Crisis | 509 |
527 | |
Axial Civilizations and the Axial Age Reconsidered | 531 |
List of contributors | 565 |
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analysis ancient argued Assyria Axial Age basic became become beginning breakthrough Buddhism called central century changes China Chinese Christian civilizational civilizations claim close collective comparative concept concern connection context continuity cultural debate developed discussion distinction divine earlier early East Egypt Eisenstadt emergence Empire example existence fact formation further grammar Greek Hamvas hand Holiness human idea imperial important India institutional intellectual interpretation Islam Israel Jaspers Jewish kind king language late later least less light major means nature orientations original particular patterns period Persian philosophy political possible present question reference reflection relationship religion religious remained respect ritual Roman rule seems seen sense social societies sources specific sphere strong structures Temple texts themes theory thought tion tradition transformations turn understanding University Press various vision Western whole