Serendipitous and Strategic Innovation: A Systems Approach to Managing Science-Based InnovationBloomsbury Academic, 2006 - 267 من الصفحات Innovation is a time-consuming process that involves invention as a beginning and a marketable service or product as an end. But innovation itself, once concluded, is not necessarily a constructive act as some innovations yield positive and some negative results. The way we recognize and develop innovation—so often a serendipitous and almost invisible act in its beginning—is thus a matter of primary importance in today's world where new thoughts and products play such a crucial role in economies across the globe. Nowhere is the general support structure required for success in innovation more starkly illuminated than in the fields of science and medicine, where human well-being is so manifestly at stake. |
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... clinical trial . A frequent problem facing investigators / trialists is the reality that they themselves have to " believe " in the new therapy , which in turn tends to manifest as enthusiasm that is transmitted , intentionally or ...
... clinical indications . Determination of initial feasibility . For devices not previously tested in humans , this is conducted without a control arm . Premature clinical trialling invites risk of failure or need for redesign and ...
... clinical , and other sciences . When this knowledge interfaces with the clinical sciences , it is also associated with experiential knowledge , which interfaces between the art and science of medicine . This creates additional ...