Replicating Microfinance in the United StatesJames H. Carr, Zhong Yi Tong Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 28/06/2002 - 387 من الصفحات "With the publication of this volume, knowledge and understanding of the practices of delivering micro-credit reach a new level of consolidation, and the stage is set for important further steps."—from the Foreword by Richard P. Taub, University of Chicago Microfinance was pioneered in the developing world as the lending of small amounts of money to entrepreneurs who lacked the kinds of credentials and collateral demanded by banks. Similar practices spread from the developing to the developed world, reversing the usual direction of innovation, and today several hundred microfinance institutions are operating in the United States. Replicating Microfinace in the United States reviews experiences in both developing and industrialized countries and extends the applications of microlending beyond enterprise to consumer finance, housing finance, and community development finance, concentrating especially on previously underserved households and their communities. Contributors include Nitin Bhatt, Robert M. Buckley, Bruce Ferguson, Elinor Haider, Chi-kan Richard Hung, Sally R. Merrill, Jonathan Morduch, Gary Painter, Sohini Sarkar, Mark Schreiner, Lisa Servon, Ayse Can Talen, Shui-Yan Tang, Kenneth Temkin, Andres Vinelli, J. D. Von Pischke and Marc A. Weiss. Replicating Microfinance in the United States is based on papers commissioned by the Fannie Mae Foundation and findings from an October 2001 conference jointly held by the Fannie Mae Foundation and Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington, D.C. |
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... transaction costs than traditional 2. See Ferguson and Haider ( 2000 ) for a discussion of funding the incremental building process . mortgage credit . Extensive outreach , homeowner counseling , and 260 Sally R. Merrill and Kenneth Temkin.
... building societies , and other formal institutions offering mortgage finance . Many governments have attempted to assist LMI housing with subsidies and ef- forts to engage the private sector — both financial institutions and com- munity ...
... building techniques , slum clearance , and so forth . Thus , generally , NGOs involved in housing and community development work have had a project focus — that is , improvement of an existing neighborhood or building a housing estate ...
... building , payroll deduction procedures , and aggressive servicing . Lenders may visit the neighborhood and talk to neighbors to help assess income level and " willingness to pay . " PROA assists clients establish paralegal title ...
... financing for infrastructure or multifamily buildings . This is a formula which SPARC , for one , has fostered . Innovative Credit Enhancements The use of credit enhancement mechanisms in 272 Sally R. Merrill and Kenneth Temkin.