Replicating Microfinance in the United States"With the publication of this volume, knowledge and understanding of the practices of delivering micro-credit reach a new level of consolidation, and the stage is set for important further steps."—from the Foreword by Richard P. Taub, University of Chicago Microfinance was pioneered in the developing world as the lending of small amounts of money to entrepreneurs who lacked the kinds of credentials and collateral demanded by banks. Similar practices spread from the developing to the developed world, reversing the usual direction of innovation, and today several hundred microfinance institutions are operating in the United States. Replicating Microfinace in the United States reviews experiences in both developing and industrialized countries and extends the applications of microlending beyond enterprise to consumer finance, housing finance, and community development finance, concentrating especially on previously underserved households and their communities. Contributors include Nitin Bhatt, Robert M. Buckley, Bruce Ferguson, Elinor Haider, Chi-kan Richard Hung, Sally R. Merrill, Jonathan Morduch, Gary Painter, Sohini Sarkar, Mark Schreiner, Lisa Servon, Ayse Can Talen, Shui-Yan Tang, Kenneth Temkin, Andres Vinelli, J. D. Von Pischke and Marc A. Weiss. Replicating Microfinance in the United States is based on papers commissioned by the Fannie Mae Foundation and findings from an October 2001 conference jointly held by the Fannie Mae Foundation and Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington, D.C. |
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The former can be called character risk, whereas the latter can be called project risk. Character risk includes such considerations as whether the borrower is trustworthy, and whether the borrower will engage in strategic calculations ...
A lender has no direct control over character or project risk. A borrower, however, has complete control of character risk and only partial control of project risk. In a typical commercial loan transaction, a lender may use various ...
In the language of the framework of credit-risk management developed at the beginning of this chapter, μling for bankruptcy is a result of excessively high project risk rather than character risk. But character risk also plays an ...
Thus, peer-group lending programs in the United States face a more daunting task than their developing-country counterparts in ameliorating their clients' project risk before and after obtaining loans. An examination of program design ...
... improve a group member's character risk—her willingness to repay a loan, by virtue of establishing a norm of mutual responsibility of loan repayment. But it would be poorly targeted to improve the borrower's project risk—her ability ...