while for the twelfth census, as already stated, the outlay is estimated at fifteen million dollars, approaching twice as much for this one as for the first nine enumerations. In 1870, the count employed six thousand five hundred and seventy-two assistant marshals, supervised by sixty-one marshals of the United States courts; the present census will require fifty thousand enumerators, under the direction of three hundred supervisors, and a general director with his aids and clerks. This does not include about three thousand clerks which will be employed on the statistics, in Washington, for a period of two years or more.

The object of the first count of the population was almost entirely to obtain the proper apportionment for representation in Congress; but, while one of the main purposes yet is to obtain a basis of proper representation in Congress, the work and scope of the census has vastly changed since then. In addition to the mere numbering of the people, and the gathering of the facts in the great divisions of vital statistics, agriculture and manufactures, added principally in 1850, the census now includes a whole library of industrial and sociological data. I say, added principally in 1850, but beginning with 1810, the government has used the census more and more as an instrument for collecting and publishing a variety of statistics. The census of 1890 involved an incredible amount of labor, and, owing to tardiness in Congress and a variety of other causes, in the beginning of the work, the obstacles encountered by Mr. Porter, who was appointed superintendent, were well nigh insurmountable. It required seven years for completing and publishing the reports of the eleventh census which fills thirty octavo volumes. The cost of the work was more than ten million dollars.

In 1810, the Secretary of the Treasury had charge of the census agents as to the enumeration of manufactures, but in 1820 the entire charge was with the Secretary of State, where it remained until 1850, when the supervision of the census was committed to the newly created Department of the Interior, and since then it has been chiefly under the charge of the Secretary of the Interior and a census board. The labor now devolves upon a census director and a census bureau. The present census law is a wide departure from any previous legislation of the kind. One of the

main changes, aside from the personnel in charge, is that it has given more time for preliminary work and arrangement. Those who are informed pronounce the law decidedly the best that has ever been enacted for taking a census. Much, therefore, is expected from the present effort. A director, who is William R. Merriam, has been given general charge of the administration, and under him is an assistant director, a trained statistician, Fred H. Wines, who will be held responsible for the labors of the various statisticians employed by the bureau. Five chief statisticians are provided for, each having a certain line of enquiry in which he has a reputation for capacity and thoroughness. Then there are nearly three hundred district supervisors who have been selected to take charge of the work in the many census districts throughout the country. These are charged with the appointment of enumerators in their particular districts, and with the duty of seeing that the proper returns are made to the census bureau.

In the act creating the bureau, two years only are allowed in which to finish certain branches of the work. When we remember that it took seven years to prepare the last census, it looks like an impossible task to complete the information under the four leading heads in the present count, in the two years allotted; the effort in that direction is being made, by a host of workers and if it is possible, it will be done. As a matter of fact, however, no enumeration has been concluded as far as the after-work is concerned, in the time specified. Five months were allowed in 1850, but it is needless to say that the time was not sufficient. It is to be hoped that the facts of the present census may be published in time to be of value; and the division of the facts to be first printed from those that will come after, gives promise of this, and was undoubtedly made for this purpose. The four grand divisions are: population, vital statistics or mortality, agriculture, and manufacture.

The information under these chief subjects must be completed in two years from June, 1900, and will be known as the "Census Reports." Then as soon as this work is done, the bureau will take up the special subjects upon which information has been gathered including among others: schools, churches, insane, feeble-minded, deaf, dumb and blind; crimes, pauperism, and benevolence; social statistics of cities; public indebtedness, valuation and expenditure; elec

tric light and power, telephone and telegraph business; transportation by water, express business and street railways, and mines and mining. When these are published they will be called, "Special Census Reports."

In addition to the officers already named, as engaged in the work, a field force of fifty thousand enumerators will be sent out among the people in the month of June to gather the information. desired. This mighty force of workers will require from two to four weeks for their tasks which must be completed before the end of the month.

In Utah, Mr. Arthur Pratt is the district supervisor, and the state is divided into two hundred and nine districts each with an enumerator appointed by the district supervisor, and confirmed by the census bureau; there is, besides, one special government agent for the Uintah and Uncompahgre Indian agencies. In conformity with the old plan, adopted years ago by General Francis A. Walker, perhaps the most eminent man ever connected with census work, there will be special agents appointed in the largest cities of the Union, to gather information required concerning manufacturing establishments in such cities. Four special agents, in addition to those already named, will be appointed in Utah for the following cities: Salt Lake City, Ogden, Logan, Provo, Park City, Lehi, Brigham City, and Springville. In all other cities of the state, the regular enumerators will gather all the information. The allotment of enumerators to the counties is as follows: Beaver, 3; Box Elder, 9; Cache, 13; Carbon, 3; Davis, 6; Emery, 4; Garfield, 2; Grand, 1; Iron, 3; Juab, 5; Kane, 2; Millard, 6; Morgan, 2; Piute, 2; Rich, 2; Salt Lake, 68; Summit, 7; Sanpete, 10; Sevier, 7; San Juan, 2; Tooele, 7; Utah, 17; Uintah, 5; Washington, 3; Wayne, 2; Wasatch, 3; Weber, 17.

When the work of the enumerator is accomplished in all the states and territories of the Union, the facts gathered will be placed in proper form for publication and use by the people. This enormous labor will begin by having each name transferred from the enumerator's sheets to about one hundred million cards which will be counted by means of the Hollerith machines. Then will follow the tabulation and classification of the results. This labor will require a force of from twenty-eight hundred to three thou

sand people employed at one time and for a period of about two years. A large and commodious building is provided in Washington which will serve as the work-shop and headquarters of the bureau, and the main body of this vast army of clerks will begin their labors about July 1, 1900.

Chinese, as well as all other foreigners, will be counted, and the Indians will be considered as foreigners, but will have a separate report as to their condition. Negroes, who, in some of the earlier censuses, under certain conditions, were counted as whites will this time have a special report devoted to their interests.

Of course, every citizen of our glorious land, will be interested in learning of the increased population of our nation, and in its astonishing agricultural, commercial and manufacturing growth. But aside from these general reports, there will be much in the educational, religious, and social conditions that will prove of great interest to all the thoughtful and patriotic inhabitants of the republic. Every well-wisher of our marvelous country, will hope that with our material prosperity, and commercial advancement, which will undoubtedly appear at high-water mark, this enumeration shall reveal moral, religious, charitable and intellectual tendencies among the people, that shall assure us with unmistakable evidences of long life to the nation. But along some of these lines, not without good reason, there is serious apprehension, which, let us hope, will be dispelled by the facts brought forth.

That Utah will compare favorably with her sister states, and will show a steady and sure development along all these lines, I am clearly confident. Our growth in population is phenomenal. In 1860, the population was 40,273; in 1870, 86,786; in 1880, 143,963; in 1890, it reached 207,905 which number will doubtless show proportionate increase in this year of 1900. Utah has grown immensely in wealth in the past ten years, and it is to be hoped that she has kept pace with her riches in the retention, and in the further acquirement, of those moral virtues with the masses, which are the foundation of true character, and of the permanent life and growth of the state and nation.

The people of Utah, by freely giving the desired information,

may aid the little army of census workers that will call on them in this month of June, and thus insure the gathering of facts which shall enable our commonwealth to take her place in that high niche of national life and fame to which her material resources, and the moral, religious, and intellectual virtues of her people entitle her.

RESPECT FOR SELF.

"It is only shallow-minded pretenders who make either distinguished origin a matter of personal merit, or obscure origin a matter of personal reproach. A man who is not ashamed of himself need not be ashamed of his early condition. It did happen to me to be born in a log-cabin, raised amid the snowdrifs of New Hampshire, at a period so early that, when the smoke first rose from its rude chimney and curled over the frozen hills, there was no similar evidence of white man's habitation between it and the settlements on the rivers of Canada. Its remains still exist; I make it an annual visit. I carry my children to it, and teach them the hardships endured by the generations before them. I love to dwell on the tender recollections, the kindred ties, the early affections, and the narrations and incidents which mingle with all I know of this primitive family abode. I weep to think that none who then inhabited it are now among the living; and if ever I fail in affectionate veneration for him who raised it, and defended it against savage violence and destruction, cherished all domestic comforts beneath its roof, and through the fire and blood of seven years' revolutionary war shrunk from no toil, no sacrifice to serve his country, and to raise his children to a condition better than his own, may my name and the name of my posterity be blotted from the memory of mankind."-Daniel Webster.