Replicating Microfinance in the United StatesJames H. Carr, Zhong Yi Tong Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 28/06/2002 - 387 من الصفحات "With the publication of this volume, knowledge and understanding of the practices of delivering micro-credit reach a new level of consolidation, and the stage is set for important further steps."—from the Foreword by Richard P. Taub, University of Chicago Microfinance was pioneered in the developing world as the lending of small amounts of money to entrepreneurs who lacked the kinds of credentials and collateral demanded by banks. Similar practices spread from the developing to the developed world, reversing the usual direction of innovation, and today several hundred microfinance institutions are operating in the United States. Replicating Microfinace in the United States reviews experiences in both developing and industrialized countries and extends the applications of microlending beyond enterprise to consumer finance, housing finance, and community development finance, concentrating especially on previously underserved households and their communities. Contributors include Nitin Bhatt, Robert M. Buckley, Bruce Ferguson, Elinor Haider, Chi-kan Richard Hung, Sally R. Merrill, Jonathan Morduch, Gary Painter, Sohini Sarkar, Mark Schreiner, Lisa Servon, Ayse Can Talen, Shui-Yan Tang, Kenneth Temkin, Andres Vinelli, J. D. Von Pischke and Marc A. Weiss. Replicating Microfinance in the United States is based on papers commissioned by the Fannie Mae Foundation and findings from an October 2001 conference jointly held by the Fannie Mae Foundation and Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington, D.C. |
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... joint - liability rule requires striking a delicate balance between providing greater access to sustainable credit and fostering suf- ficient intragroup cooperation . If the joint - liability rule is not fully enforced or is ...
... joint - liability rule was not enforced at the beginning , the Mudzi Fund's loan performance was even worse than four of these five U.S. programs . Program Operation : The Role of Groups and Program Staff Loan performance is a direct ...
... joint liability among borrowers , because he found that enforcement of this rule by both the peer - group members and the staff was lacking in his ob- servations . This led him to conclude that , together with the shared norms , the ...
... joint - liability rule , this rule is limited in mitigating project risk . Thus , unlike most developing - country programs , U.S. pro- grams , in adapting the group methodology to their communities , have to find a way to reduce the ...
... joint - liability rule , frequency of meetings ) and community context ( proximity among bor- rowers ) gives developing - country programs lower character risk than U.S. programs . A different type of context , together with the ...